Focus Group Findings of Smoking Onset Among Male Youth in China

Sheer, Vivian C.; Mao, Chang; Chen, Yi-Ru Regina

doi:10.1080/10826084.2016.1264972

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Second, perceived stress was also a factor across several themes (eg, themes 1, 3, and 4). This finding is similar to previous studies conducted among teenagers and adults in China and Hong Kong, where peer pressure induced stress and need to conform, so that one could feel like they belonged to a social group—factors that could be addressed when designing cessation intervention content [ 27 , 30 , 31 ]. This barrier is more pronounced when considering China’s collectivistic culture, which focuses on social acceptance and the perception of cigarettes as a necessary social connection tool [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Factors Related to Smoking and Perceptions of a Behavioral Counseling and Messenger Service–Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention for People With HIV in China: Qualitative Study

Yang¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

JMIR Form Res

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Background China, where half of the adult male population smoke tobacco, has one of the highest global burdens of smoking. Smoking rates are even higher among people with HIV. People with HIV can be affected by smoking in multiple ways, including more severe HIV-related symptoms and worse antiretroviral therapy treatment outcomes. However, smoking cessation services targeted for people with HIV are not routinely integrated into HIV care in China. Given the widespread mobile phone ownership, an exploration of factors related to smoking among people with HIV in China who smoke could inform the design and implementation of mobile smoking cessation interventions that target the needs of this vulnerable population. Objective This study aims to explore the perspectives of smoking, barriers and facilitators to quitting, and perceptions related to a smoking cessation intervention delivered through behavioral counseling sessions and brief daily messenger service (WeChat)–delivered messages. Methods We recruited people with HIV from the People’s 4th Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China, and conducted semistructured face-to-face interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim in Chinese, and translated into English for data analysis. We conducted a thematic analysis using a codebook, which was guided by a team-based consensus approach to identify 5 main themes. We also explored themes according to the demographic groups. Results A total of 24 participants were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 37.2 (SD=13.5) years. The participants had lived with HIV for a mean of 2.4 years. The majority were male (18/24, 75%) and lived in urban or metropolitan settings (19/24, 79%). We identified five main themes: variable knowledge of the harms of smoking, both related and unrelated to HIV; willpower perceived as the primary quitting strategy; a duality of the effect of social factors on quitting; perceptions about optimal features of the smoking cessation intervention (eg, messages should be brief and most frequent during the first few weeks); and the largely negative impact of their HIV diagnosis on smoking behaviors. In addition, some themes differed according to participant demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and education level. Conclusions We identified barriers to and facilitators of smoking cessation among people with HIV in China by conducting semistructured qualitative interviews. Owing to the adverse impact of smoking on HIV outcomes, targeting cessation interventions to the unique needs and preferences of people with HIV in China may be needed to increase the effectiveness of future interventions. A pilot clinical trial will be conducted in the future to evaluate this behavioral counseling and brief daily messenger service (WeChat)–delivered messages approach among people with HIV who smoke in China.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Factors Related to Smoking and Perceptions of a Behavioral Counseling and Messenger Service–Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention for People With HIV in China: Qualitative Study

Yang¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

JMIR Form Res

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“…More studies are needed to investigate how tobacco products can be accessed or exposed in early adolescence. Many smoking adolescents or youths obtained their first cigarette from peers in China [31,32] and the Czech Republic [33]. Increasing the minimum age of purchase of tobacco products may support the decrease in the number of smoking young adults [34,35], who are associated with increased risk of early adolescents' access or exposure to tobacco use as peers [36][37][38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and macroeconomic differences and trends in early attempts at cigarette smoking among adolescents: findings from 147 countries

Liu

Ding

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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Background Most tobacco users initiate smoking during adolescence. Little is known about the global prevalence and trends in early cigarette smoking among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking and its change trends among young adolescents. Methods We used data from the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys on adolescents aged 12–16 years, comprising 456,634 participants from 147 countries between 2006 and 2018, to estimate the prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking and age distribution at attempt by sex, country income, purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, and WHO region. We assessed the average annual rate of reduction (AARR) in the prevalence of attempts at cigarette smoking before 12 years of age in 70 countries that had data from three or more surveys completed between 1999 and 2018. Results The average prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking was 12.2% (95% CI: 10.9–13.5) for boys and 6.7% (95% CI: 5.8–7.6) for girls, with the highest prevalence of 17.4% for boys and 10.7% for girls in the European region. Along with the growth of the national economy, the prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking gradually increased in both sexes. A total of 22.9% and 30% of countries had a negative change in AARR for boys and for girls, respectively. The countries with an upward prevalence were mainly located in the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and African regions. The age distribution at first cigarette smoked did not differ substantially between sexes. Notably, the age at first cigarette smoked of 10.7 years for girls was significantly earlier than that of 11.8 years for boys in low-income countries. Among cigarette-smoking adolescents, the average percentage of girls reporting smoking their first cigarette at an age <12 years was 55.7% in Q1 for PPP quintiles, 46.5% in Q2, 40.3% in Q3, 38.4% in Q4, and 34.6% in Q5, and the corresponding prevalence for boys was 46.0% in Q1, 42.8% in Q2, 42.9% in Q3, 43.5% in Q4, and 41.1% in Q5. Conclusions The global prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking among adolescents was substantial, with differences by sex and macroeconomic situation, and our findings stress that interventions and policies targeting the first smoking experience are required to prevent the initiation of tobacco use among early adolescents, especially girls in low-income countries.

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“…Investigating determinants of behaviour and identifying preferences of the target group of educational strategies to be used is an important step in program development, where using qualitative methods can yield rich and in-depth information 10,11 . Consequently, qualitative research has been widely used by researchers to explore the views of adolescents about certain behaviour, for instance: smoking 12 , nutritional habits 13 and sexual behaviour 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a better understanding of factors affecting smoking uptake among Saudi male adolescents: A qualitative study

Mohammed¹,

Vries²,

Cheung³

et al. 2020

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION An increased smoking uptake by Saudi male adolescents and a lack of data about its determinants emphasize the need for a better understanding of factors leading to the onset of smoking and identifying ways to prevent it. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore adolescents' views on smoking and their opinions about a smoking prevention program. METHODS A total of 103 school-going adolescents, aged 12-16 years, were purposely selected from grades seven, eight and nine from nine schools in Taif in Saudi Arabia. They were interviewed in 11 focus group discussions; five groups were held for smokers and six for non-smokers. An interview scheme was developed based on the I-Change Model, a model used for understanding smoking onset and prevention. We used QDA Lite version 2:0 software for data analysis. RESULTS Most of the participants agreed on the importance of social influences as determining factors to start smoking. The presence of smoking friend(s) and family member(s), especially the father, were mentioned. Factors such as having extra pocket money, absence of alternatives, showing off, to be seen as western, to be seen as an adult and the good taste of cigarettes were also mentioned as beliefs associated with smoking. Adolescents indicated to have low confidence not to smoke under peer pressure, suggesting self-efficacy problems. Intentions to smoke were also often mentioned. Almost all participants agreed that an interactive approach is optimal for an effective smoking prevention program. CONCLUSIONS Determinants of smoking seem to be very similar to those outlined by previous studies. A smoking prevention program for Saudi adolescents should address how to cope with social pressure to smoke, the advantages connected with smoking, and how to increase self-efficacy. Information should be presented in an interactive rather than static way.

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Focus Group Findings of Smoking Onset Among Male Youth in China

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Factors Related to Smoking and Perceptions of a Behavioral Counseling and Messenger Service–Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention for People With HIV in China: Qualitative Study

Factors Related to Smoking and Perceptions of a Behavioral Counseling and Messenger Service–Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention for People With HIV in China: Qualitative Study

Sex and macroeconomic differences and trends in early attempts at cigarette smoking among adolescents: findings from 147 countries

Towards a better understanding of factors affecting smoking uptake among Saudi male adolescents: A qualitative study

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