Focus on HPV Infection and the Molecular Mechanisms of Oral Carcinogenesis

Santacroce, Luigì; Cosola, Michele Di; Bottalico, Lucrezia; Topi, Skender; Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros; Ballini, Andrea; Inchingolo, Francesco; Cazzolla, Angela Pia; Dipalma, Gianna

doi:10.3390/v13040559

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Instead, in North America and Europe, high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are responsible for a growing percentage of oropharyngeal cancers among young people; for other infectious agents, this link is still debated (e.g., it has been reported that different species belonging to the Candida spp. (mostly Candida albicans) that produce endogenous nitrosamines from dietary nitrites are present in the oral cavity, especially in saliva) [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans and Oral Carcinogenesis. A Brief Review

Cosola

Cazzolla

Charitos

et al. 2021

JoF

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Current medical knowledge and research on patients’ management are still evolving, and several protocols on minimizing risk of infection by Candida spp. among the population have developed. The aim of this work is to review the epidemiological and biomolecular characteristics and the various histopathological carcinogenesis hypothesis mechanisms that can occur during Candida albicans infections. Current evidence from the literature on the role of C. albicans during potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancer has been sought. Thus, these biomolecular processes can give or contribute to benign lesions, also in precancerous or cancerous situations. Alongside this, the physiological microorganism oral flora (microbiota) can play a crucial role in maintaining oral health during those infections and therefore avoid carcinogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans and Oral Carcinogenesis. A Brief Review

Cosola

Cazzolla

Charitos

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Although HPV-associated cancer occurs in various body parts, including the oral cavity [ 53 ], anus [ 54 ], vagina [ 55 ], vulva [ 56 ], and penis [ 57 ], we focus only on two major cancer types, cancers of the uterine cervix [ 58 ] and head and neck [ 59 ].…”

Section: Diversity Of Tumor Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-Driven Carcinogenesis

Hatano

Ideta

Hirata

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Even in the era of precision oncology, carcinogens contributing to neoplastic process are still an important focus of research. Comprehensive genomic analyses have revealed various combinations of base substitutions, referred to as the mutational signatures, in cancer. Each mutational signature is believed to arise from specific DNA damage and repair processes, including carcinogens. However, as a type of carcinogen, tumor viruses increase the cancer risk by alternative mechanisms, including insertional mutagenesis, viral oncogenes, and immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize virus-driven carcinogenesis to provide a framework for the control of malignant cell proliferation. We first provide a brief overview of oncogenic viruses and describe their implication in virus-related tumors. Next, we describe tumor viruses (HPV, Human papilloma virus; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; HCV, Hepatitis C virus; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus; MCV, Merkel cell polyoma virus; HTLV-1, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, type-1) and tumor virus-related cancers. Lastly, we introduce emerging tumor virus candidates, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV-2). We expect this review to be a hub in a complex network of data for virus-associated carcinogenesis.

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“…HPVs are members of the Papillomaviridae (PV) family, presenting a circular, with supercoiled and double-stranded DNA, and some are considered as oncogenic promoters [64][65][66]. The virus has a hexahedral symmetry capsid (consisting of pentameric capsomeres) and has two structural proteins, L1 and L2 [67,68].…”

Section: The Role Of Human Papillomavirus (Hpv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Candida albicans and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Agents and their Biomolecular Mechanisms in Promoting Oral Cancer in Pediatric Patients

Muzio

Ballini

Cantore

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Oral carcinoma represents one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) account over 90% of all oral malignant tumors and are characterized by high mortality in the advanced stages. Early diagnosis is often a challenge for its ambiguous appearance in early stages. Mucosal infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a growing number of malignancies, particularly cervical cancer and oropharyngeal carcinomas. In addition, Candida albicans (C. albicans), which is the principal fungi involved in the oral cancer development, may induce carcinogenesis through several mechanisms, mainly promoting inflammation. Medical knowledge and research on adolescent/pediatric patients’ management and prevention are in continuous evolution. Besides, microbiota can play an important role in maintaining oral health and therefore all human health. The aim of this review is to evaluate epidemiological and pathophysiological characteristics of the several biochemical pathways involved during HPV and C. albicans infections in pediatric dentistry.

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Focus on HPV Infection and the Molecular Mechanisms of Oral Carcinogenesis

Cited by 46 publications

References 60 publications

Candida albicans and Oral Carcinogenesis. A Brief Review

Candida albicans and Oral Carcinogenesis. A Brief Review

Virus-Driven Carcinogenesis

Overview of Candida albicans and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Agents and their Biomolecular Mechanisms in Promoting Oral Cancer in Pediatric Patients

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