2016
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00067
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Focus on Nivolumab in NSCLC

Abstract: Immunotherapy is changing the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab has demonstrated meaningful results in terms of efficacy with a good safety profile. The novel approach to treating NSCLC using immunotherapy still has unsolved questions and challenging issues. The main doubts regarding the optimal selection of the patient are the role of this drug in first line of treatment, the individualization of the correct methodology of radiologic assessment and efficacy analysis… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Cancers have the ability to disrupt immune response by interfering with adaptive immunity. 3,4 Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, notably anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) and anti-PDL-1 (PD1 ligand) antibody, has been shown to improve outcome of stage IIIb/IV NSCLC and is a new standard of care. 5,6 In this setting, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration FDA and the European Medicines Agency as first-(pembrolizumab) and second-line treatment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cancers have the ability to disrupt immune response by interfering with adaptive immunity. 3,4 Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, notably anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) and anti-PDL-1 (PD1 ligand) antibody, has been shown to improve outcome of stage IIIb/IV NSCLC and is a new standard of care. 5,6 In this setting, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration FDA and the European Medicines Agency as first-(pembrolizumab) and second-line treatment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PD-1 expressed on Tregs as well as tumor-associated macrophages, on the other hand, exerts an inhibitory effect on immunity and the anti-tumor effect can be improved by blocking it ( Gordon et al, 2017 ; Overacre-Delgoffe et al, 2017 ). Nivolumab is the first PD-1 blocking mAb for the treatment of NSCLC, which significantly improves objective remission rate and overall survival compared with traditional chemotherapy ( Borghaei et al, 2015 ), especially in patients with PD-L1 expression ≥50% in cancer cells, so nivolumab was approved by the FDA in 2015 for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC ( Cortinovis et al, 2016 ) ( Table 1 ). Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is a humanized IgG4 anti-PD-1 mAb with no ADCC and CDC effects, and therefore is not cytotoxic.…”
Section: Targetsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The combination of PD-1 with its ligand, the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), which expresses on cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), will pass on regulatory signals to effector T cells causing T cell exhaustion and antiapoptotic signals to tumor cells resulting in tumor survival, hence severely suppressing the immune response. So far, More than 10 antibodies have been granted for therapy in multiple tumors 8 , and over 1000 clinical trials are being implemented targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis 9 , for example, in melanoma 10 , breast cancer 11 , 12 , genitourinary carcinoma 13 , 14 , head and neck cancer 15 , hepatocellular carcinoma 16 , non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 17 , 18 , etc., clearly showing the considerable value of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy. However, only a small fraction of people could benefit from the therapy, partially due to the primary or acquired resistance of tumor cells.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%