Focus on the Gut–Kidney Axis in Health and Disease

Abstract

The recent new developments in technology with culture-independent techniques including genome sequencing methodologies shed light on the identification of microbiota bacterial species and their role in health and disease. Microbiome is actually reported as an important predictive tool for evaluating characteristic shifts in case of disease. Our present review states the development of different renal diseases and pathologies linked to the intestinal dysbiosis, which impacts on host homeostasis. The gastrointestinal–kidney dialogue provides intriguing features in the pathogenesis of several renal diseases. Without any doubt, investigation of this interconnection consists one of the most cutting-edge areas of research with potential implications on our health.

Microbiome, Immunosenescence, and Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Immune cells and inflammatory proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney diseases (53). Finally, it is worth noting the importance of the dialogue between the kidney and gut, the so-called gut-kidney axis in health and disease (54).…”

“…The intestinal microbiome of HD patients showed an increase in Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes with preponderance of the subphylum Clostridia, while a decrease in the taxa Firmicutes and Actinobacteria is found in CAPD patients (60). It is known that there is an interplay between the kidney and gut, called the gut-kidney axis (54,61). Renal transplantation incites changes in the gut microbiota (62).…”

“…Researchers found that gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) plays a key role in the evolvement of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) (66). Changes in gut microbiota and dysbiosis seem to be critical for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) (54). In IgAN patients, an abundance of Fusobacteria is observed, while Synergistetes were decreased (67).…”

“…The gut microbiota is the corner stone in inflammaging due to its capacity to produce inflammatory products and dialogue with other organs and systems (54). However, it is clear that the underlying aging mechanisms still need to be explained through this trajectory in order to gain a better understanding of this global dysregulation and provide more effective therapeutic approaches.…”

Commentary: Focus on the Gut–Kidney Axis in Health and Disease

“…We read with great interest the article by Stavropoulou et al ( 1 ), in which the authors aimed to investigate the interactions between human gut microbiome and kidney diseases. These findings showed that intestinal dysbiosis leads to microbiota shifts, including metabolic disarrangements, inflammation, immunosuppression, and accumulation of uremic toxins, finally resulting in kidney failure.…”