Focused Microwave-Assisted Soxhlet:  An Advantageous Tool for Sample Extraction

García-Ayuso, L. E.; Sánchez, Marta; Alba, Amadeo Fernandez; Castro, M. D. Luque de

doi:10.1021/ac9711044

Cited by 87 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, and based on the number of advantages above described for MAE of polysaccharides and the ongoing progress regarding microwave technology, it is expected that research in a near future is aimed to the scale-up of this sort of applications and others involving integrated processes (e.g., extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis) from laboratory to pilot/industrial scale. On the other hand, and following the trend initiated with the development of microwave-assisted Soxhlet extraction (García-Ayuso et al 1998), new combined techniques have been recently developed. The simultaneous use of microwaves and ultrasound (ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction, UMAE) in single reactors (Fig.…”

Section: Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides

et al. 2015

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Section: Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides

et al. 2015

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“…In recent years, some faster and more automated extraction techniques for solid samples have replaced the traditional Soxhlet extraction, including ultrasonic extraction [3,4], supercritical fluid extraction [5,6], microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) [7,8,9], accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) [10,11,12], and fluidized-bed extraction (FBE) [13,14]. These alternative techniques considerably reduce the solvent consumption, increase the sample throughput, and simplify the extraction procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different extraction techniques for the determination of chlorinated pesticides in animal feed

Gfrerer

Chen

Lankmayr

et al. 2004

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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The performances of Soxhlet extraction, dive-in Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), fluidized-bed extraction (FBE), and ultrasonic extraction (UE) for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in animal feed have been investigated. ASE and MAE provided significantly better extraction efficiency than Soxhlet extraction. The concentrations were 126.7 and 114.8%, respectively, of the values obtained by classical Soxhlet extraction, whereas the results from FBE and dive-in Soxhlet were comparable with those from the standard Soxhlet procedure. The reproducibility of FBE was the best, with RSDs ranging from 0.3 to 3.9%. Under the investigated operation conditions UE was not efficient, with the recoveries of target compounds being about 50% less than Soxhlet. Additionally, the performances of Soxhlet, dive-in Soxhlet, MAE, ASE and FBE were validated by determination of the certified reference material BCR-115. The results from the extraction techniques were in good agreement with the certified values.

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“…13 Although Soxhlet extraction is one of the oldest extraction methods in use today, it continues to evolve.…”

Section: The Solvent Is Evaporated As Would Occur In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

S oxhlet and Ultrasonic Extraction of Organics in Solids

Webster¹

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Soxhlet extraction is the removal and recovery of organic analytes from a permeable solid matrix by means of a solvent which is continually evaporated from a still‐pot and condensed in such a manner that it falls into and permeates through the matrix which itself is held in a permeable container in a siphonable chamber. Soxhlet extraction has been used for over 120 years (since 1879) and is commonly used as a benchmark for total extractable organic residues. Ultrasonic extraction is the removal and recovery of organic analytes from a permeable solid matrix by means of a solvent which is energized by sound energy at frequencies in excess of those audible to the human ear. Energy may be introduced into the sample by means of an ultrasonic probe which is inserted into the sample or an ultrasonic bath into which the sample plus solvent is immersed. The ultrasonic energy may be strong enough to disrupt and pulverize the matrix, thus increasing the extractability of the analyte. The operation of the Soxhlet extractor is intuitively easy to grasp. Extraction is viewed as being complete or close to complete. Ultrasonic extraction is convenient and straightforward. Ultrasonic baths provide relatively reliable sources of extraction energy. Soxhlet extraction is solvent intensive and requires laboratory facilities in which flammable and toxic solvents can be used safely. The glassware required is expensive and vulnerable to breakage. Cooling of the condenser of the Soxhlet apparatus requires a constant supply of cooling water. Residues are concentrated in the still‐pot and are thus vulnerable to thermal degradation. Only total residue can be extracted by Soxhlet extraction; little or no speciation is possible. Ultrasonic extraction must be performed under conditions which protect the hearing of laboratory personnel. The ultrasonic generator may generate heat which may affect the extraction process. Ultrasonic probes become pitted when used for the extraction of abrasive matrices such as soil, thus changing the energy generated and affecting the extraction efficiency of the procedure. Ultrasonic baths provide less intense extraction energy. Extraction of total residue is the aim of ultrasonic extraction; little or no speciation is possible.

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Focused Microwave-Assisted Soxhlet: An Advantageous Tool for Sample Extraction

Cited by 87 publications

References 20 publications

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides

Comparison of different extraction techniques for the determination of chlorinated pesticides in animal feed

S oxhlet and Ultrasonic Extraction of Organics in Solids

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