Focused review: The role of drug combinations for the control of coccidiosis in commercially reared chickens

Chapman, H. D.; Rathinam, T.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.01.001

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Several experiments have demonstrated that botanical compounds can exhibit additive and synergistic effects against caecal coccidiosis ( 56 , 244 , 298 ). Due to the presence of multiple compounds, plants can employ multiple mechanisms to control Eimeria , thereby reducing the likelihood of drug resistance ( 27 , 299 ). Although reports suggest that interactions exhibit synergistic or additive effects, further research is needed to explore their potential antagonistic effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, multiple drugs are being used in poultry on a daily basis to control coccidiosis (27)(28)(29). Due to the acute nature of cecal coccidiosis, preventive measures for controlling this disease are the focus of attention (28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anticoccidial resistance is a major problem for commercial farmers, as it can result in the wastage of resources and capital on disease control (42,43). Eimeria are resistant to multiple drugs because of multiple mechanisms (21,27,(44)(45)(46)(47). They have developed genetic modifications (48,49), altered their metabolism, cell membrane permeability, transport channels, and many other ways to escape the drug interaction, leading to the development of resistance (45,50,51).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Saeed

Alkheraije

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Avian species have long struggled with the problem of coccidiosis, a disease that affects various parts of the intestine, including the anterior gut, midgut, and hindgut. Among different types of coccidiosis, cecal coccidiosis is particularly dangerous to avian species. Chickens and turkeys are commercial flocks; thus, their parasites have remained critical due to their economic importance. High rates of mortality and morbidity are observed in both chickens and turkeys due to cecal coccidiosis. Coccidiostats and coccidiocidal chemicals have traditionally been added to feed and water to control coccidiosis. However, after the EU banned their use because of issues of resistance and public health, alternative methods are being explored. Vaccines are also being used, but their efficacy and cost-effectiveness remain as challenges. Researchers are attempting to find alternatives, and among the alternatives, botanicals are a promising choice. Botanicals contain multiple active compounds such as phenolics, saponins, terpenes, sulfur compounds, etc., which can kill sporozoites and oocysts and stop the replication of Eimeria. These botanicals are primarily used as anticoccidials due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Because of the medicinal properties of botanicals, some commercial products have also been developed. However, further research is needed to confirm their pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and methods of concentrated preparation. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the plants that have the potential to act as anticoccidials and to explain the mode of action of different compounds found within them.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Saeed

Alkheraije

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“… 3 , 4 To date, two categories of anticoccidial drugs, polyether antibiotics and synthetic compounds, are being used in the poultry industry. 5 Unfortunately, drug-resistant eimerian parasites emerged quickly following the extensive use of anticoccidial drugs. 1 , 6 However, there are no pieces of evidence that have yet to unequivocally identify loci responsible for resistance against anticoccidial drugs when eimerian parasites resistant to nearly all drugs are reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EtcPRSMut as a molecular marker of halofuginone resistance in Eimeria tenella and Toxoplasma gondii

et al. 2023

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“…Since the discovery of the anticoccidial activity of sulfonamides, nearly 50 anticoccidial drugs have been developed and are now used to prevent and treat avian coccidiosis (9). These drugs have made a major positive contribution to the poultry industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and identification of an anti-nicarbazin monoclonal antibody and its application in the agriculture and food industries

et al. 2022

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Background: As a broad-spectrum drug against chicken coccidiosis, nicarbazine is widely used. The international community has made regulations and requirements on the residue limits of nicarbazine metabolites in chicken. The research reports on the detection methods of nicarbazine residues are mainly based on large-scale instruments such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and so on. However, in the practical monitoring and detection application, the rapid, sensitive, efficient and accurate detection of nicarbazine residues is becoming more and more urgent.Methods: This study aimed to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based method to detect nicarbazin drug residues with high sensitivity and specificity, and wide applicability. Artificial immunogens were prepared by molecular modification synthesis. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet analyses were conducted to confirm that the correct product was obtained. Monoclonal antibodies were acquired by immunizing mice and preparing hybridoma cells.Results: In this study, 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), a metabolite of nicarbazine, was synthesized and modified to make it have immunogenicity. Fifteen healthy female mice of 6-8 weeks old were immunized in three groups. The successfully immunized mice were screened by serum titer. One mouse with the highest titer was fused and cloned three times, and four positive cell lines were obtained. Nine monoclonal antibodies were obtained from mouse ascites. The best matched antigens and antibodies were screened by an ELISA chessboard method. A detection method of nicarbazine ELISA kit was developed. Our prepared anti-nicarbazin monoclonal antibody had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 0.825 ng/mL, and the curve range was 0.3-24.3 ng/mL. There was no cross reaction to other six common anti-coccidiosis drugs. The recovery results showed that the fortified recovery of the chicken and duck samples ranged from 74.4-111.7%, the test results of which all met the requirements for veterinary drug residue detection.Conclusions: This method, which uses a specific antibody against the nicarbazin metabolic product DNC, enables rapid quantitative detection. Our new ELISA-based method should facilitate the development of assays to monitor and detect agricultural and veterinary drug residues.

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Focused review: The role of drug combinations for the control of coccidiosis in commercially reared chickens

Cited by 35 publications

References 93 publications

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

EtcPRSMut as a molecular marker of halofuginone resistance in Eimeria tenella and Toxoplasma gondii

Preparation and identification of an anti-nicarbazin monoclonal antibody and its application in the agriculture and food industries

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