Focusing evolution of generalized propagation invariant optical fields

Dynamics of vortices in new families of nondiffracting beams

“…These and other strange aspects of Bessel beams were easily explained ten years later by a new approach to the physics of Bessel beams based in a rigorous analysis of the theorems that govern the Helmholtz equation and their solutions 3 . This new approach provided an easy interpretation of their physics and not only explained the controversies but also allowed to have a better understanding of such beams and then, finding new applications [3][4][5][6][7] . Below we present an outline of the new theory.…”

Focusing Bessel Beams by a Lens with Strong Spherical Aberrations

“…Axicons and their combinations can be used for many applications, and for the first time this came to attention in [1], where a number of specific schemes is considered as well. In particular, a variety of papers are devoted to the calculation and analysis of a focusing scheme consisting of a thin lens and an axicon [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This combination can be used to obtain a high-quality focal ring.…”

“…The axiconlens system is also of interest in the context of feasibility to form an unusual axial distribution of intensities. It is found that, for a certain choice of the Fresnel number of an optical scheme and diameter of the Bessel beam, the axial intensity distribution is characterized by the existence of two distinct foci located to the left and to the right of the geometrical back focal plane [4,8,10,12,14,16].…”

“…It is interesting to note that there is a region beyond the focal plane where the conical waves again overlap [8,10].…”

Generation of supercontinuum bottle beam using an axicon

“…An optical bottle beam, in which a dark focus is surrounded by regions of higher intensity, has been produced by using a holographic plate [5] and interference of two laser beams with different curvatures [6]. Generation of bottle beams by focused Bessel beam are proposed, in which a ring image is generated in the focal plane of the lens, and a Bessel beam can also be reconstructed beyond the focal plane under particular focusing conditions [7][8][9][10]. The optical bottles can also be directly generated from a tightly focused end-pumped laser operated around the degenerate cavity configurations [11].…”