Foetal alcohol syndrome — a multifaceted condition

Autti‐Rämö, Ilona

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00303.x

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Worldwide incidence of FAS is estimated at 0.97 per 1,000 but it is important to note that these data are based almost exclusively on research conducted within the USA (BMA, 2007). It has been estimated that in western countries as many as nine per 1,000 live births involve children affected by FAS, PFAS or ARND (Autti-Rämö, 2002). It is important also to note that as more complete diagnoses and broader definitions of FASD become available, prevalence and incidence may increase.…”

Section: Focus On Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): raising awareness in early years settings

Blackburn¹,

Whitehurst²

2010

British J Special Edu

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In this article Carolyn Blackburn who is currently project officer for the Training and Development Agency for Schools and Teresa Whitehurst who is a research and development officer at Sunfield School in Worcestershire discuss how educationalists are being required to support an increasing number of children with new and emerging disabilities including Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) for which they may be ill equipped if knowledge and resources are not available. FASD is an umbrella term used to describe a range of intellectual and physical disabilities that may occur when alcohol is consumed by the mother during pregnancy. This may lead to learning difficulties in the areas of gross and fine motor control, social and emotional development, hyperactivity and attention disorders, understanding rules and cause and effect, receptive and expressive language, and problem solving and numeracy. Educating and caring for these children needs a unique approach that relies on reflective practice and adaptive teaching techniques. This article focuses on a collaborative project with Worcestershire Early Years entitled Building Bridges with Understanding. The project focused on raising awareness and increasing knowledge of FASD in early years practitioners to support children with a range of difficulties and provides access to a free downloadable resource pack.

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Section: Focus On Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): raising awareness in early years settings

Blackburn¹,

Whitehurst²

2010

British J Special Edu

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“…The pattern of drinking is also thought to be important; for example, alcohol may be less harmful if consumed with a meal, but most harmful when consumed in excess in one session (Plant et al 1999). Genetic factors affecting maternal or fetal metabolism, as well as interaction with other harmful behaviours, may also be important (Autti-Rämö 2002). Furthermore, differences in outcome may be accounted for by differences in study design and in particular outcome measures.…”

Section: Alcohol During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption in the new millennium – weighing up the risks and benefits for our health

Foster

Marriott

2006

Nutrition Bulletin

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Introduction An introduction to alcohol and alcoholic beverages Guidelines for sensible drinking Alcohol consumption Absorption and metabolism of alcohol Alcohol and nutrition The burden of disease and mortality related to alcohol Alcohol and disease risk Alcohol and other conditions Alcohol and social issues Conclusions Summary Alcohol is produced via the anaerobic fermentation of sugars by yeast and involves glucose molecules (C6H12O6) being broken down to yield ethanol (C2H5OH), carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy. The amount of alcohol contained in different alcoholic beverages varies considerably and is referred to as the ‘strength’ of the drink, which is expressed as the percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV). A standard unit of alcohol in the UK equates to 8 g or 10 ml of pure alcohol. Guidelines for sensible drinking set by the UK government are 3–4 units (24–32 g) a day or less for men, and 2–3 units (16–24 g) a day or less for women. Specific recommendations have been set for those planning pregnancy and pregnant women, who should drink no more than 1–2 units of alcohol once or twice a week and should avoid heavy drinking sessions. Guidelines for sensible drinking are similar in other countries. When taking into account the standard drink unit used to define guidelines, the most commonly recommended limit is 24 g/day for men and 20 g/day for women. Older people are more likely to drink in line with the sensible drinking guidelines, as they tend to consume alcohol over a period of time, as opposed to consuming large quantities on one or two days of the week, a practice that is more popular among younger people. Consuming double the sensible drinking guidelines in one day is classified as binge drinking (an alternative definition is drinking until intoxicated). It has become recognised that binge drinking is a common phenomenon in the UK, particularly among younger people. Other factors, such as income, ethnicity and region of residence, are also recognised to be predictive of the quantity of alcohol consumed; for example, higher‐income households are more likely to consume large quantities of alcohol and consume alcohol more frequently. The quantity of alcohol consumed is an important factor in determining how it affects health and well‐being. In terms of nutritional health, chronic excessive alcohol intake is well recognised to affect an individual’s nutrient status, because it reduces food intake and/or may interfere with the digestion, absorption, metabolism and utilisation of some nutrients. However, when consumed in moderation, alcohol is unlikely to interfere with the metabolism of nutrients or be associated with impaired vitamin function or depletion to an extent that may harm health, provided that dietary intakes are adequate. Alcoholic beverages contain alcohol, carbohydrate and only small amounts of some vitamins, trace elements and minerals. They are therefore unlikely to contribute significantly to micronutrient intake. Any association that exists between moderate alcohol consumption and the ...

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“…Given the study was based on data from 1975 to 1990, and the widely acknowledged increase in rates of alcohol consumption in the UK since then, current rates are likely to be higher. Of those affected, Autti-Ramo (2002) suggests that 10 to 15% are affected by FAS, 30 to 40% by PFAS, and nearly half by ARND (p. 143). Indeed, there seems to be consensus from a range of sources that worldwide prevalence could be as high as 1% of the population (BMA, 2007;Carmichael-Olson et al, 2009;Carpenter, 2011).…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Drinking affects all parts of the population and rates of alcohol consumption appear to be rising (Donaldson, 2009). Binge drinking, increasingly part of UK culture, is known to be particularly harmful to the developing foetus (Autti-Ramo, 2002).…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) may be the greatest cause of learning disabilities in the Western world (Lupton, Burd, & Harwood, 2004;Autti-Ramo, 2002;Warren & Stein, 2011). A vast range and depth of information on all aspects of FASD is readily available on the Internet, from academic research articles to personal testimonies by affected individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: as prevalent as autism?

Westrup

2013

Educational Psychology in Practice

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An examination of the literature on Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and its relevance to the work of Educational Psychologists (EPs) suggested that the impact of FASD on EPs' casework is an area which has been underexplored, and which merits further attention. A search of major electronic databases was conducted online; however no articles were found which specifically examined the role of the EP in connection with FASD. This is surprising as international research suggests that prevalence of FASD is as high as 1%, which implies that all schools are already dealing with the significant effects of FASD. It is suggested that EPs are well-placed to help schools clarify and meet the needs of children with FASD. Early identification may help reduce the risk of secondary disabilities and improve life outcomes for this group.

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Foetal alcohol syndrome — a multifaceted condition

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): raising awareness in early years settings

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): raising awareness in early years settings

Alcohol consumption in the new millennium – weighing up the risks and benefits for our health

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: as prevalent as autism?

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