Fog computing based efficient IoT scheme for the Industry 4.0

Yun

Mobile Information Systems

et al. 2018

Large-scale industrial IoT services appear in smart factory domains such as factory clouds which integrate distributed small factories into a large virtual factory with dynamic combination based on orders of consumers. A smart factory has so many industrial elements including various sensors/actuators, gateways, controllers, application servers, and IoT clouds. Since there are complex connections and relations, it is hard to handle them in point-to-point manner. In addition, many duplicated traffics are exchanged between them through the Internet. Multicast is believed as an effective many-to-many communication mechanism by establishing multicast trees between sources and receivers. ere are, however, some issues for adopting multicast to large-scale industrial IoT services in terms of QoS. In this paper, we propose a novel software-defined network multicast based on group shared tree which includes near-receiver rendezvous point selection algorithm and group shared tree switching mechanism. As a result, the proposed multicast mechanism can reduce the packet loss by 90% compared to the legacy methods under severe congestion condition. GST switching method obtains to decreased packet delay effect, respectively, 2%, 20% better than the previously studied multicast and the legacy SDN multicast.

Section: Analyzing Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analyzing Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Efficient SDN Multicast Architecture for Dynamic Industrial IoT Environments

Yun

Mobile Information Systems

et al. 2018

“…This MQTT bridging solution between one local broker serving as a fog node and one cloud broker is just one of the possible solutions in IoT-F2C systems. Related work so far has more commonly considered MQTT from the IoT device layer to fog/edge nodes, while the communication from fog to cloud was left to other candidate application layer protocols [122]. This leads us to the solution with multiple communication protocols as we will discuss next.…”

Section: Mqtt As a Single Protocol Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things and Related Challenges of Fog and Cloud Computing Integration

et al. 2019

The fast increment in the number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is accelerating the research on new solutions to make cloud services scalable. In this context, the novel concept of fog computing as well as the combined fog-to-cloud computing paradigm is becoming essential to decentralize the cloud, while bringing the services closer to the end-system. This paper surveys on the application layer communication protocols to fulfill the IoT communication requirements, and their potential for implementation in fog-and cloud-based IoT systems. To this end, the paper first briefly presents potential protocol candidates, including request-reply and publish-subscribe protocols. After that, the paper surveys these protocols based on their main characteristics, as well as the main performance issues, including latency, energy consumption and network throughput. These findings are thereafter used to place the protocols in each segment of the system (IoT, fog, cloud), and thus opens up the discussion on their choice, interoperability and wider system integration. The survey is expected to be useful to system architects and protocol designers when choosing the communication protocols in an integrated IoT-to-fog-to-cloud system architecture. Continuous innovations in hardware, software and connection solutions in the last decade have lead to the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the number of connected devices growing by the day [1] [2]. The huge amount of data generated by these devices require to find a proper system architecture able to both process and store all the data. While cloud-based architectures are being currently used for that purpose, the new fog computing paradigm is envisioned to scale and optimize the IoT infrastructures [3]. Examples of the cloud-based IoT solutions have been proposed in [4], [5], [6] and a detailed analysis of properties for IoT cloud providers has been conducted in [7]. These studies have shown that cloud computing has the potential to satisfy many IoT requirements, such as monitoring of services, powerful processing of sensor data streams and visualization tasks. On the other hand, fog-based solutions are suited to address real-time processing, fast data response, and latency issues, thus extending the cloud capabilities closer to the edge of the network [8]. Among many factors that will determine the performance in a combined IoT, fog and cloud computing paradigm, the application layer communication, which in turn depends on the selected communication protocols, is one of the main ones.Despite the popularity and wide spread usage of HTTP, the currently used protocols in various domains of IoT, fog and cloud domains are de-facto fragmented with many different solutions. This is due to the different requirements and areas that IoT needs to cover, combining the functionalities of sensors, actuators and computing power with security, connectivity and a myriad of other features. As a result, there is no common agreement on the reference architecture or adopted standards of co...

“…The primary objective of fog computing is to provide low and predictable latency for time-sensitive IoT applications [9]. Fog computing appears as a solution to overcome traditional cloud computing issues, it has the ability to support real-time services (e.g., gaming, video streaming); low latency and distributed computing, storage resources to large geographical areas as well scalability among multiple connected devices [10]. According to [11], the layered architecture; physical and virtualization, monitoring, pre-processing, temporary storage, security and transport layer of fog computing, makes it suitable to implement in the IIoT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Reliable Fog Computing Architecture for Industrial Internet of Things

Ramli¹,

Bhardwaj²,

Kim³

2019

Preprint

Reliability is essential in industrial networks. In addition, most of the data from nodes of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are generated in real time. Thus, those data are mainly used for the time-sensitive applications. Furthermore, device failures should be considered when modeling reliable fog computing for IIoT. In this paper, we provide fundamental aspects to model reliable fog computing for IIoT. First, existing models of fog computing are compared. Then, the most feasible communication type to achieve a reliable system is determined from model analysis. Interaction modes are elaborated to study the advantages and drawbacks when communication is deployed in fog computing for IIoT, and challenges and solutions for reliable fog computing are discussed.