Fog Forecasting Objectively in the California Coastal Area Using LIBS

Leipper, Dale F.

doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0741:ffoitc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…California marine stratus and fog have been studied primarily on daily time scales (3,(26)(27)(28)(29) with aims toward forecasting for aviation and maritime activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The summer of 1951 featured anomalous NE-ward expansion of the anticyclone and northerly winds exceeding 150% of normal (4.8 ms −1 ). On daily time scales, the encroachment of subtropical high pressure and increased subsidence over the NW United States (U.S.) typically initiate fog development by intensifying the temperature inversion and compressing the marine layer (3,26,28). The persistence of similar conditions over the course of the 1951 summer can largely account for the unusually high frequency of fog.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the overlying atmosphere, large-scale subsidence inhibits precipitation and maintains a capping lowlevel temperature inversion, separating the cool, humid marine boundary layer from warm, dry, descending air above. Synoptic conditions in these areas are conducive to the development of low-level stratocumulus clouds, which form just below the inversion base, typically several hundred meters above the sea surface (2,3). The advection of marine stratus over land profoundly moderates the coastal terrestrial climate by reducing insolation and temperatures, raising humidity, and supplying water directly to the landscape (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region

Johnstone¹,

Dawson

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

250

201

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Biogeographical, physiological, and paleoecological evidence suggests that the coast redwood [Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.] is closely associated with the presence of summer marine fog along the Pacific coast of California. Here we present a novel record of summer fog frequency in the coast redwood region upon the basis of direct hourly measurements of cloud ceiling heights from 1951 to 2008. Our analysis shows that coastal summer fog frequency is a remarkably integrative measure of United States Pacific coastal climate, with strong statistical connections to the wind-driven upwelling system of the California Current and the broad ocean temperature pattern known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. By using a long-term index of daily maximum land temperatures, we infer a 33% reduction in fog frequency since the early 20th century. We present tree physiological data suggesting that coast redwood and other ecosystems along the United States west coast may be increasingly drought stressed under a summer climate of reduced fog frequency and greater evaporative demand.California Current | clouds | Pacific Decadal Oscillation | Sequoia sempervirens | temperature inversion

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“…California marine stratus and fog have been studied primarily on daily time scales (3,(26)(27)(28)(29) with aims toward forecasting for aviation and maritime activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region

Johnstone¹,

Dawson

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

250

201

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“…Firstly, however, during the fog, daytime solar warming would be limited by the fog layer. Moreover, fog top radiative cooling might actually cool the overall fog layer during the fog (Leipper, 1995, Gultepe et al, 2007.…”

Section: Fog Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local meteorological and synoptic characteristics of fogs formed over Incheon international airport in the west coast of Korea

Kim

Yum

2010

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Fogs observed over Incheon international airport (IIA) in the west coast of Korea from January 2002 to August 2006 are classified into categories of coastal fog, cold sea fog, and warm sea fog based on the areal extent of the fogs and the difference between the air temperature (T ) and the SST, i.e., cold sea fog if TSST = T −SST > 0• C and warm sea fog if TSST < 0 • C. The numbers of coastal, cold, and warm sea fog cases are 64, 26, and 9. Coastal fogs form most frequently in winter, while cold sea fogs occur mostly in summer and warm sea fogs are observed from January to May but not in November and December. On average the air gets colder by 1.6• C during the three hours leading up to the coastal fog formation, and an additional cooling of 1.1• C occurs during the fog. The change in the dew point temperature (T d ) is minimal except during the fog (0.6• C). Decreases in T for the cold and warm sea fogs are relatively smaller. The average T d is higher than SST during the cold sea fog periods but this T d is more than 4• C higher than that for the corresponding non-fog days, suggesting that cold sea fogs be formed by the cooling of already humid air (i.e., T d >SST). Increases of T d are significant during the warm sea fog periods (1.4• C), implying that efficient moisture supply is essential to warm sea fog formation. Four major synoptic patterns are identified in association with the observed fogs. The most frequent is a north Pacific high that accounts for 38% of cases. Surface or upper inversions are present in 77%, 69%, and 81% of the fog periods for coastal, cold, and warm sea fogs, respectively.Key words: costal fogs, sea fogs, west coast of Korea, meteorological and synoptic characteristics Citation: Kim, C. K., and S. S. Yum, 2010: Local meteorological and synoptic characteristics of fogs formed over Incheon international airport in the west coast of Korea.

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“…Some approaches are based on mathematical models, which take into account the physical processes that are responsible for fog formation (see e.g. Guedalia and Bergot, 1994;Leipper, 1995;Bott, 2002), while some others are based on the identification of the circulation types that favor fog formation (see e.g. Meyer and Lala, 1990;Croft and Burton, 2005;Tardif, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The main characteristics of atmospheric circulation associated with fog in Greece

Houssos

Lolis

Bartzokas

2009

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Fog Forecasting Objectively in the California Coastal Area Using LIBS

Cited by 26 publications

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Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region

Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region

Local meteorological and synoptic characteristics of fogs formed over Incheon international airport in the west coast of Korea

The main characteristics of atmospheric circulation associated with fog in Greece

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