Folate Deficiency in Humans

Colman, Neville

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9928-5_4

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 222 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Folate deficiency affects up to 60% of low-income and elderly persons (8,11) and is also common in subpopulations, such as alcoholics (12) Folate deficiency in pregnant women has been reported to range from 2% to 50%, depending on the population studied (25). Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with an elevated incidence of birth defects (26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mild-to-moderate folate deficiency (6)(7)(8)(9) and caffeinatedbeverage consumption (10) are both highly prevalent in the general population. Folate deficiency affects up to 60% of low-income and elderly persons (8,11) and is also common in subpopulations, such as alcoholics (12) and those with gastrointestinal disorders (13) or receiving anticonvulsant therapy (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Folate deficiency affects up to 60% of low-income and elderly persons (8,11) and is also common in subpopulations, such as alcoholics (12) and those with gastrointestinal disorders (13) or receiving anticonvulsant therapy (14). Severe folate deficiency in man leads to megaloblastic anemia, with an accompanying increase in chromosomal aberrations (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cytogenetic damage induced by folate deficiency in mice is enhanced by caffeine.

MacGregor

Schlegel

Wehr

et al. 1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Folate deficiency in Swiss mice increased the incidence of micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes, indicating increased chromosomal damage in nucleated erythrocyte precursors. Caffeine enhanced the incidence of micronuclei in blood and bone marrow by up to 5-fold in folatedeficient mice at doses that did not significantly alter the micronucleus frequency in the presence of adequate dietary folate. The lower dose of caffeine used in this study (75 mg/kg) approaches doses received by humans who consume large amounts of caffeinated beverages. Since folate deficiency and caffeine consumption are highly prevalent in the human population, the potential for a similar interaction in man should be evaluated.The occurrence of micronuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow erythrocytes has been used as an indicator of cytogenetic damage in laboratory animals and man (1-3). Two recent studies indicate that folate deficiency and caffeinatedbeverage consumption may elevate the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in man. Caffeinated-coffee consumption was associated with an elevated frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in a cross-sectional study of genotoxic risk factors (4), and folate supplementation lowered micronucleus frequency to normal in an individual with a marginal folate deficiency and an abnormally high micronucleus frequency (5). These studies suggest that folate status and caffeinated-beverage consumption may be risk factors for cytogenetic damage in man.Mild-to-moderate folate deficiency (6-9) and caffeinatedbeverage consumption (10) are both highly prevalent in the general population. Folate deficiency affects up to 60% of low-income and elderly persons (8,11) and is also common in subpopulations, such as alcoholics (12) Folate deficiency in pregnant women has been reported to range from 2% to 50%, depending on the population studied (25). Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with an elevated incidence of birth defects (26).Severe folate deficiency induced by antifolate drugs has been shown to increase the frequency of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow erythrocytes (27, 28), but we are not aware of previous reports of increased micronucleus frequencies induced by dietary folate deficiency in laboratory animals.Fragile-site expression induced in vitro by conditions of limiting folate is known to be strongly enhanced by caffeine, leading to micronucleus formation and increased frequencies of chromosome breaks (18,29). Under these conditions, caffeine increases folate-related breakage events, often by more than an order of magnitude. There appear to be no data indicating whether a similar interaction occurs in mammals in vivo. Although earlier studies of caffeine effects in animals and man have failed to demonstrate significant genotoxic effects in vivo at doses near those that would result from the consumption of caffeinated beverages (30-33), the recent report by Chen et al. (34) that chromosomal fragility in human lymphocytes cultured under low-folate conditions is linearly ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytogenetic damage induced by folate deficiency in mice is enhanced by caffeine.

MacGregor

Schlegel

Wehr

et al. 1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Humans develop megaloblastic anemia after the exclusion of folate from the diet 18 . Herbert 19 has summarized the causes of folate deficiency in humans in terms of the five basic reasons for nutrient deficiency: inadequate ingestion, absorption, or utilization and increased excretion or increased requirements, as in hemolytic anemias.…”

Section: Folate Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some statistical correlations have been demonstrated between low serum folate levels, organic mental syndrome, and pyramidal tract damage in the elderly 18,32 . In general, the long‐standing lesions due to folate deficiency have been characterized as a diffuse metabolic encephalopathy (Table 4).…”

Section: Neuropathological Changes As a Consequence Of Folate Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%