“…By comparing normal mice with NTD mice, we found that 223 proteins were upregulated and 336 proteins were downregulated. Folate and NTD-related shifts occur in commonly known NTD-related pathways such as the Hedgehog signaling pathway ( Murdoch et al, 2010 ), the Wnt signaling pathway, the P53 signaling pathway ( Patterson et al, 2006 ), the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway ( Tian et al, 2022 ), the cAMP signaling pathway ( Shimada and Mukhopadhyay, 2017 ), the AMPK signaling pathway ( Zhang et al, 2021 ), the sphingolipid signaling pathway ( Callihan et al, 2012 ; Lai et al, 2016 ), the Hippo signaling pathway ( Manderfield et al, 2014 ; Wang et al, 2016 ), the one-carbon pool mediated by folate ( Copp et al, 2013 ), axon guidance ( Connor et al, 2005 ), glycolysis and gluconeogenesis ( AdamsMJTNEjom, 1984 ; Wang et al, 2023 ), purine metabolism ( Imbard et al, 2013 ), and some underappreciated pathways, such as taste transduction and ribosome.…”