Fold and thrust systems in Mass Transport Deposits

Alsop, G. Ian; Marco, Shmuel; Levi, T.; Weinberger, R.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2016.11.008

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Back‐steepened thrusts dipping in a direction opposite to the fold vergence (Fig. A) suggest piggyback thrusting within the MTD (Alsop et al ., ). The orientation of the deformation features induced by MTDs (folds, faults and thrusts) supports the inference that the prevalent movement direction is towards the east.…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal architecture of mass‐transport deposits in basinal carbonates: A case study from southern Italy

et al. 2018

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Submarine mass‐transport deposits represent important stratigraphic heterogeneities within slope and basinal sedimentary successions. A poor understanding of how their distribution and internal architecture affect the fluid flow migration pathway may lead to unexpected compartmentalization issues in reservoir analysis. Studies of modern carbonate mass‐transport deposits mainly focus on large seismic‐scale slope failures; however, the near‐platform basinal depositional environment often hosts mass‐transport deposits of various dimensions. The small‐scale and meso‐scale (metres to several tens of metres) carbonate mass‐transport deposits play a considerable role in distribution of sediment and therefore have an impact on the heterogeneity of the succession. In order to further constrain the geometry and internal architecture of mass‐transport deposits developed in near‐slope basinal carbonates, a structural and sedimentological analysis of sub‐seismic‐scale mass‐transport deposits has been undertaken on the eastern margin of the Apulian carbonate platform in the Gargano Promontory, south‐east Italy. These mass‐transport deposits, that locally comprise a large proportion (50 to 60%) of the base of slope to basinal sediments of the Cretaceous Maiolica Formation, typically display a vertically bipartite character, including debrites and slump deposits of varying volume ratios. A range of brittle and ductile deformation styles developed within distinct bed packages, together with the presence of both chert clasts, folded chert layers and spherical chert nodules, suggest that sediments were at different stages of lithification prior to downslope movement associated with mass‐transport deposits. This study helps elucidate the emplacement processes, frequency and character of subseismic‐scale mass‐transport deposits within the basinal carbonate environment, and thereby reduces the uncertainties in the characterization of subsurface carbonate geofluid reservoirs.

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Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal architecture of mass‐transport deposits in basinal carbonates: A case study from southern Italy

et al. 2018

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“…The MTDs in the Lisan Formation are composed of fold-thrust systems, which formed typical fault propagation folds (FPFs) [Alsop et al, 2017]. In this system, the AMS fabrics of the thrust gouge are always oblate, whereas those in the hanging wall anticline and the hinges of the footwall syncline are more prolate (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been seismically active since the early Miocene [ Nuriel et al ., ] until the present. Past earthquakes triggered coseismic deformation [ Marco and Agnon , ; Weinberger et al ., ] and subaqueous MTDs within the Lisan Formation [ El‐Isa and Mustafa , ; Alsop et al ., ].…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics of Mass Transport Deposits revealed by magnetic fabrics

Weinberger

Levi

Alsop

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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The internal deformation and movement directions of Mass Transport Deposits (MTDs) are key factors in understanding the kinematics and dynamics of their emplacement. Although these are relatively easy to recover from well‐bedded sediments, they are more difficult to deduce from massive beds without visible strain markers. In order to test the applicability of using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) to determine MTD movement, we compare AMS fabrics, with structural measurements of visible kinematic indicators. Our case study involves the structural analysis of slumped lake sediments extensively exposed in MTDs within the Dead Sea Basin. Structural analyses of MTDs outcropping for >100 km reveal radial transport directions toward the basin depocenter. We show that the AMS fabrics display the same transport directions as inferred from structural analyses. Based on this similarity, we outline a robust procedure to obtain the transport direction of slumped MTDs from AMS fabrics. Variations in the magnetic fabrics and anisotropies in fold‐thrust systems within the slumps match the various structural domains. We therefore suggest that magnetic fabrics and anisotropy variations in drill cores may reflect internal deformation within the slumps rather than different slumps. Obtaining magnetic fabrics from MTDs provides a viable way to infer the transport directions and internal deformation of MTDs and reconstruct the basin depocenter in ancient settings. The present results also have implications beyond the kinematics of MTDs, as their geometry resembles fold‐thrust systems in other geological settings, scales, and tectonic environments.

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“…1 wt.% of organics) is in com pe tent as re gards fold ing. Ob viously, the pro cess of inter-layer fold ing in di cates compressional con di tions that can be caused by ground wa ter flow pres sure (from the river chan nel to the backswamp area) or by gravity-driven slumps (e.g., Alsop et al, 2017). At least a par tial impact of the hor i zon tal com po nent of down ward move ment, consis tent with the slope of the lay ers, is clearly ob serv able in the basal foreset seg ment of the cre vasse-splay microdelta.…”

Section: Soft-sediment Deformation Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismically-induced soft-sediment deformation in crevasse-splay microdelta deposits (Mid-Miocene, central Poland)

Chomiak

Maciaszek

Wachocki³

et al. 2019

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Seis mi cally-in duced soft-sed i ment de for ma tion in cre vasse-splay microdelta de pos its (Mid dle Mio cene, cen tral Po land). Geo log i cal Quar terly, 63 (1): 162-177, doi: 10.7306/gq.1456 As so ci ate ed i tor: Anna Wysocka Cre vasse-splay microdelta de pos its and their soft-sed i ment de for ma tion struc tures (SSDS) are de scribed from a tec toni cally ac tive lig nite-bear ing area. These strongly de formed siliciclastic de pos its, sit u ated be tween two lig nite benches, are typ i cal of a cre vasse-splay microdelta. They ac cu mu lated in the overbank zone of a Mid dle Mio cene river sys tem (backswamp area) where shal low ponds or lakes oc ca sion ally ex isted. The de for ma tion takes the form of de formed lam i na tion and load (load casts and flame struc tures) struc tures as well as seis mic brec cias within the first Mid-Pol ish lig nite seam. Duc tile de for ma tion struc tures were gen er ated first by liq ue fac tion and then the brec cia was formed un der brit tle con di tions. The brecciation followed a sud den tec tonic col lapse re sult ing in an in crease in pore pres sure re lated to up ward wa ter move ment. The oc currence in a tec tonic graben and char ac ter is tic mor pho log i cal fea tures sug gest an or i gin of these deformational struc tures with seis mic shocks; thus, they can be called seismites. Hence, we pro vide strong ev i dence for ac cu mu la tion of cre vasse-splay sed i ments in the stand ing wa ter of a backswamp area, and for tec tonic ac tiv ity in cen tral Po land as the Mid dle Mio cene lignite ac cu mu lated.

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Fold and thrust systems in Mass Transport Deposits

Cited by 58 publications

References 70 publications

Internal architecture of mass‐transport deposits in basinal carbonates: A case study from southern Italy

Internal architecture of mass‐transport deposits in basinal carbonates: A case study from southern Italy

Kinematics of Mass Transport Deposits revealed by magnetic fabrics

Seismically-induced soft-sediment deformation in crevasse-splay microdelta deposits (Mid-Miocene, central Poland)

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