Folding deformation modeling and simulation of 4D printed bilayer structures considering the thickness ratio

Liu, Zhenyu; Liu, Han; Duan, Guifang; Tan, Jianrong

doi:10.1177/1081286519877563

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Because the folding deformation is a combination of stretching and bending as well as a strain energy minimization process. It is reasonable to hypothesize that the stretching and bending are separated during the folding deformation (Liu et al, 2020), as shown in Figure 2. Therefore, the folding deformation modeling problem is decomposed to two successive simpler modeling problems.…”

Section: Equivalent Transformation Of Folding Deformationmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Geometric design of 4D printed bilayer structures for accurate folding deformation

Liu

Duan

et al. 2021

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Geometric parameters of 4D printed bilayer structure determine its deformation to a great extent. This paper proposed a geometric design method of 4D printed bilayer structures for accurate folding deformation. To precisely calculate the deformation, a folding deformation model of 4D printed bilayer structure is constructed considering thickness ratio and elastic modulus ratio. Then, for a target folding deformation, an adaptive surrogate-based optimization method is employed to obtain the geometric parameters of a given 4D printed bilayer structure. The numerical and physical experimental results show that the geometric parameters of 4D printed bilayer structure can be well designed by the proposed method.

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Section: Equivalent Transformation Of Folding Deformationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this paper, based on our previous work (Liu et al, 2020), a geometric design method of 4D printed bilayer structures is proposed for accurate folding deformation. By equivalent transformation hypothesis, the folding deformation is transformed into a stretching deformation followed by a bending deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric design of 4D printed bilayer structures for accurate folding deformation

Liu

Duan

et al. 2021

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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“…Liu et al. [ 298 ] also proposed an elastic energy‐based model (combined with Hooke's law) to study the influence of the thickness ratio on the actuation of bilayer hyper‐elastic structures. Based on the classification of the modeling techniques provided in Table 15, Figure presents some general guidelines for the selection of the modeling strategy, depending on the type of material implemented.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method is efficient in providing qualitative shape predictions, but lacks precision from a quantitative perspective due to the variability in cross-linking and fibril reinforcement orientations. Liu et al [298] also proposed an elastic energy-based model (combined with Hooke's law) to study the influence of the thickness ratio on the actuation of bilayer hyper-elastic structures. Based on the classification of the modeling techniques provided in Table 15, Figure 20 presents some general guidelines for the selection of the modeling strategy, depending on the type of material implemented.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design of 4D‐Printed Hygromorphs: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Challenges

Kergariou

Demoly

Perriman

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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In recent years, 4D printing has allowed the rapid development of new concepts of multifunctional/adaptive structures. The 4D printing technology makes it possible to generate new shapes and/or property-changing capabilities by combining smart materials, multiphysics stimuli, and additive manufacturing. Hygromorphs constitute a specific class of new smart materials where their properties and morphing capabilities are dependent on the surrounding humidity, which drives actuation. Although multiple efforts have been made to fabricate hygromorph demonstrators, a comprehensive design process to produce hygromorphs by multiple 4D printing techniques is not yet available. The broad aim of this review and concept paper is to i) highlight existing scientific and technology gaps in the field of 4D-printed hygromorphs, ii) identify tools existing in other research fields for filling those gaps, and iii) discuss a series of guidelines for tackling future challenges and opportunities to develop 4D-printed composite hygromorph materials and related manufacturing processes. Accordingly, this review describes the materials and additive manufacturing techniques used for hygromorph composite fabrication. Moreover, the relevant parameters that control actuation, the models selection and performance, the design methods and the actuation measurements for customized 4D-printed hygromorph materials, are discussed.

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“…They showed that using CLT, the equivalent elastic modulus for different patterns can be calculated with good accuracy. Liu et al [31] presented a model for predicting the deformation of 4D printed bilayer structures .They defined a new hyperplastic energy density function to calculate the energy of a bilayer structure during bending. By minimizing the energy of the bilayer structure, a flexural deformation model was created by considering the thickness ratio.…”

Section: Figure 1 a Potential Application Of Designing The 4d Printed Hinges In Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Study on Shape Shifting Behaviors of Thermally Activated Hinges in FDM-based 4D Printing

Nezhad

Golzar

Behravesh

et al. 2021

Preprint

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4D printing of shape shifting structures, aka “hinges”, has raised a new standard in many fields. By using these hinges in certain parts of a 3D printed structures, a pre designed complex 3D shape with potential multifunctional application can be achieved from flat structure. This paper proposes a comprehensive semi-empirical model to predict the final shape shifting behavior and magnitude of the hinges printed by FDM process. First, all FDM main parameters are selected and reduced by design of experiment to printing speed, lamina thickness, nozzle temperature as well as printing pattern. In order to develop the model, a time-dependent constitutive model with these four process parameters were extracted for strain of an SMP homogeneous single layer structure using a fractional Zener model accompanied with Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) technique. Thereafter, the mathematical relations for shape shifting behavior of bilayer 4D printed structures were developed for beam bending and twisting by modifying Timoshenko’s constitutive equations. A comprehensive shape-shifting model was established including 3D printing parameters, angles, thickness ratios, activation time and temperature which was compared to the experimental data and results predicted both shape shifting behavior and magnitude of the hinges with good agreement. In addition, a novel flowchart was suggested to design and achieve the desired shape shifting behaviors. The proposed model and flowchart are novel tools to design 4D structures through desired shape-shifting of the hinges.

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Folding deformation modeling and simulation of 4D printed bilayer structures considering the thickness ratio

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Geometric design of 4D printed bilayer structures for accurate folding deformation

Geometric design of 4D printed bilayer structures for accurate folding deformation

The Design of 4D‐Printed Hygromorphs: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Challenges

Comprehensive Study on Shape Shifting Behaviors of Thermally Activated Hinges in FDM-based 4D Printing

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