Foliage and seeds of malvalean plants from the Eocene of Europe

Kvaček, Zlatko; Wilde, Volker

doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1170

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Higher order venation not preserved. Discussion: The morphological description of the leaf is well comparable to that of the fossil genus Byttneriopsis (Kvaček and Wilde 2010). It accommodates simple, non-lobate, entire margined leaves with a characteristic long petiole, basal acrodromous venation, and barrel shaped glandular trichomes suggesting malvalean affinities (Kvaček and Wilde 2010) cf.…”

Section: Rhamnaceaementioning

confidence: 61%

“…The leaf is assigned to Byttneriopsis daphnogenes based on the distinctly pulvinate and geniculate petiole, triveined ivenation, and cuneate base). This morphospecies was ireported from various Eocene sites of Europe, including Lábatlan in Hungary, Messel in Germany, and Kučlin in the Czech Republic(Kvaček and Wilde 2010). The putative imodern analogues of Byttneriopsis grow under subtropicalparatropical conditions(Kvaček and Wilde 2010).…”

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confidence: 98%

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The Eocene flora of Tatabánya “marl-mine” (N Hungary)

Erdei

Wilde

2020

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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The middle Eocene (Lutetian) fossil plant assemblage from Tatabánya (N Hungary) comprises plant remains preserved mostly as impressions. Remains of angiosperms are represented by Lauraceae (Laurophyllum div. sp., Daphnogene Unger), Rhamnaceae (Ziziphus Miller), Malvaceae s.l. (Byttneriopsis Z.Kvaček et Wilde), Leguminosae, and Palmae, and the occurrence of other families, i.e., Dioscoreaceae, Myrtaceae, Fagaceae, Anacardiaceae, Berberidaceae, Juglandaceae, and Theaceae, is uncertain. The scarcity of gymnosperms is a character similar to the coeval floras of Csordakút (N Hungary) and Girbou in Romania. The presence of Ziziphus ziziphoides (Unger) Weyland, high number of linear shaped leaves with entire margin and coriaceous texture (Lauraceae vel Fagaceae), and small-leaved Leguminosae suggests a “subhumid” character of the vegetation, which is recognisable also in early Palaeogene floras of eastern Central and Southeastern Europe, e.g., the Tard Clay floras in Hungary and floras of Serbia/Macedonia. In contrast, the Eocene floras from Central/Western Europe are indicative of a generally non-xerophytic character, e.g., Staré Sedlo in Bohemia, Messel, Geiseltal, and the Weisselster Basin floras in Germany. A frost-free climate with high mean annual temperatures similar to that estimated for coeval European floras may also be inferred for the Tatabánya flora.

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Section: Rhamnaceaementioning

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Eocene flora of Tatabánya “marl-mine” (N Hungary)

Erdei

Wilde

2020

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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“…Knobloch & Kvaček from the late Eocene Staré Sedlo flora of north Bohemia (Knobloch et al 1996). Foliage with similar venation patterns was reported from the Eocene of Europe (Messel, Kučlín, Lábatlan) as Byttneriopsis Kvaček & Wilde, 2010, and interpreted on account of epidermal anatomy and co-occurrence of seeds as fossil malvalean plants.…”

Section: Genus Dicotylophyllum Saportamentioning

confidence: 90%

A new Oligocene leaf assemblage from the Ghalandar area (NW Iran) and its contribution to understanding of floristic evolution in the eastern Paratethys

Kvaček¹,

Bubík²

2017

Bull. Geosci.

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“…A unique fossil example of this association, indicating fungal manipulation of an ant host's mouthparts, was found on a single leaf of the dicotyledonous plant host Byttnertiopsis daphnogenes (Ettinghausen) Kvaček figure 1a) from Messel in north-central Germany [10]. It was initially considered an example of vein-cutting behaviour involved in latex draining, a common modern behaviour resulting in damage from herbivorous insects [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient death-grip leaf scars reveal ant–fungal parasitism

2010

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Parasites commonly manipulate host behaviour, and among the most dramatic examples are diverse fungi that cause insects to die attached to leaves. This death-grip behaviour functions to place insects in an ideal location for spore dispersal from a dead body following host death. Fossil leaves record many aspects of insect behaviour (feeding, galls, leaf mining) but to date there are no known examples of behavioural manipulation. Here, we document, to our knowledge, the first example of the stereotypical death grip from 48 Ma leaves of Messel, Germany, indicating the antiquity of this behaviour. As well as probably being the first example of behavioural manipulation in the fossil record, these data support a biogeographical parallelism between mid Eocene northern Europe and recent southeast Asia.

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Foliage and seeds of malvalean plants from the Eocene of Europe

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

The Eocene flora of Tatabánya “marl-mine” (N Hungary)

The Eocene flora of Tatabánya “marl-mine” (N Hungary)

A new Oligocene leaf assemblage from the Ghalandar area (NW Iran) and its contribution to understanding of floristic evolution in the eastern Paratethys

Ancient death-grip leaf scars reveal ant–fungal parasitism

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