Foliar application of procyanidins enhanced the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Luo, Haowen; Duan, Meiyang; Xing, Pipeng; Xie, Hong; Tang, Xiangru

doi:10.1186/s12870-022-03775-7

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The trans-zeatin (C 10 H 13 N 5 O, CAS No.1637-39-4) used in the experiment was produced by Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. Refer to Luo et al [30] for sample processing method 5 days after receiving the treatments, the plants of rice seedlings were all sampled for biochemical and molecular determination, and were stored at − 80 °C. At the same time, 50 seedlings with similar growth were selected from each treatment for Fig.…”

Section: Plant Materials Growth Condition and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trans-Zeatin induce regulation the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

Xing

Luo

et al. 2023

BMC Plant Biol

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Background In plants, cytokinin is activated into trans-zeatin to fight abiotic stresses. However, the mechanism of the effect of trans-zeatin on 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) biosynthesis in fragrant rice has yet to be studied. The present study was conducted to explore the effects of exogenous trans-zeatin on enzymes activities, genes expression, and precursors involved in 2-AP biosynthesis and 2-AP contents as well as the seedling quality of a fragrant rice cultivar viz., Meixiangzhan2. Four concentrations of trans-zeatin solutions at 20, 40, and 80 μmol L− 1 (ZT1, ZT2, and ZT3) were sprayed onto rice seedlings. Results Compared to the control, trans-zeatin treatments showed significantly higher 2-AP contents of fragrant rice seedlings. Increased plant height and stem width were observed due to trans-zeatin treatments. The trans-zeatin application increased 1-pyrroline, methylglyoxal, proline, and P5C contents, enhanced P5CS and OAT activities, and reduced glutamic acid contents. In addition, expressions of ProDH, P5CS2, and DAO4 were comparatively higher under trans-zeatin treatments than CK in fragrant rice seedlings. Conclusions Overall, up-regulation of P5C, 1-pyrroline, and proline and down-regulation of glutamic acid under appropriate trans-zeatin concentrations (20 and 40 μmol L− 1) resulted in enhanced 2-AP biosynthesis in fragrant rice seedlings and 20–40 μmol L− 1 was considered as the suggested concentrations of trans-zeatin application in fragrant rice seedling.

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Section: Plant Materials Growth Condition and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real-time quantitative method refers to Luo et al [30], and the specific method is as follows: Total RNA was extracted using the HiPure Plant RNA Mini Kit (Magen, Guangzhou, China). The quality and quantity of RNA were assessed by NanoDrop 2000.…”

Section: Real-time Quantitative Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-Zeatin induce regulation the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

Xing

Luo

et al. 2023

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Paclobutrazol is widely recognized as an effective regulator of plant development, and the foliar application of paclobutrazol was proven efficient in improving the aroma of fragrant rice, grain quality, and yield . Similarly, the foliar application of procyanidins (a polyphenolic compound with multiple properties), and epoxiconazole (a triazole compound) also enhanced the biosynthesis of 2-AP in aromatic rice. , …”

Section: Advancement In Agro-management Practices To Improve the Arom...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…85 Similarly, the foliar application of procyanidins (a polyphenolic compound with multiple properties), and epoxiconazole (a triazole compound) also enhanced the biosynthesis of 2-AP in aromatic rice. 86,87 However, the foliar application of Brassinolide (BR), a new green plant growth regulator that promotes crop growth and development and improves crop quality, 88 decreased the grain 2-AP concentration but increased the photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzymatic activities, chlorophyll contents, and grain yield of fragrant rice. 89 Similar to BR, the application of gibberellic acid (GA) and 3-indole acetic acid (IAA) decreased the 2-AP contents.…”

Section: Macro/micronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Fragrant Rice: Recent Insights into Agro-management, Environmental Factors, and Functional Genomics

Imran

Shafiq

Ashraf

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, and rice fragrance is a key quality attribute which is highly desired by consumers and attracts premium prices in the international market. There are around 200 volatile compounds involved in rice fragrance, but 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) has been considered a master regulator of aroma in fragrant rice. Consequently, efforts were made to increase the 2-AP contents in the grain by managing agronomical practices or by using modern functional genomic tools, which successfully converted nonfragrant cultivars to fragrant rice. Furthermore, environmental factors were also reported to influence the 2-AP contents. However, a comprehensive analysis of 2-AP biosynthesis in response to agromanagement practices, environmental factors, and the application of functional genomic tools for fragrant rice production was missing. In this Review, we summarize how micro/macronutrients, cultivation practices, amino acid precursors, growth regulators, and environmental factors, such as drought, salinity, light, and temperature, influence the 2-AP biosynthesis to modulate the aroma of fragrant rice. Furthermore, we also summarized the successful conversion of nonfragrant rice cultivars to fragrant rice using modern gene editing tools, such as RNAi, TALENS, and CRISPR-Cas9. Finally, we discussed and highlighted the future perspective and challenges related to the aroma of fragrant rice.

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“…In plants, beyond the impacts on fruit quality and taste, usage of PAs can affect various aspects of the plant, such as inhibition of seed germination [ 22 ] and improvement of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses by regulating the plant antioxidant system to facilitate ROS scavenging [ 18 ]. Moreover, the application of exogenous PAs could enhance the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the key compound of aromatic rice aroma [ 23 ]. Recently, Luo et al [ 24 ] have reported that over-production of PAs promoted the ABA formation in roses, indicating the involvement of PAs in ABA signaling modulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proanthocyanidins Delay Fruit Coloring and Softening by Repressing Related Gene Expression during Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Ripening

Lin

Wang

Cao

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins, are widespread throughout the plant kingdom, presenting diverse biological and biochemical activities. Being one of the most abundant groups of natural polyphenolic antioxidant, PAs are applied to improve plant tolerance to (a)biotic stresses and delay the senescence of fruit by scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing antioxidant responses. The effects of PAs on coloring and softening of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), a worldwide demanded edible fruit and typical material for studying non-climacteric fruit ripening, were firstly assessed in this work. The results showed that exogenous PAs delayed the decrease in fruit firmness and anthocyanins accumulation but improved the fruit skin brightness. Strawberries treated with PAs had similar total soluble solids, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, but lower titratable acidity content. Moreover, the contents of endogenous PAs, abscisic acid and sucrose, were somehow increased by PA treatment, while no obvious change was found in fructose and glucose content. In addition, the anthocyanin- and firmness-related genes were significantly repressed, while the PA biosynthetic gene (anthocyanin reductase, ANR) was highly up-regulated by PA treatment at the key point for fruit softening and coloring. In summary, the results presented in this study suggest that PAs slow down strawberry coloration and softening by inhibiting the expression of related genes, which could be helpful for a better understanding of the biological role of PAs and provide a new strategy to regulate strawberry ripening.

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Foliar application of procyanidins enhanced the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Trans-Zeatin induce regulation the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

Trans-Zeatin induce regulation the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

Biosynthesis of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Fragrant Rice: Recent Insights into Agro-management, Environmental Factors, and Functional Genomics

Proanthocyanidins Delay Fruit Coloring and Softening by Repressing Related Gene Expression during Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Ripening

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