Foliar elemental composition of <scp>E</scp>uropean forest tree species associated with evolutionary traits and present environmental and competitive conditions

Sardans, Jordi; Janssens, Ivan A.; Alonso, R.; Veresoglou, Stavros D.; Rillig, Matthias C.; Sanders, Tanja G. M.; Carnicer, Jofre; Filella, Iolanda; Farré‐Armengol, Gerard; Peñuelas, Josep

doi:10.1111/geb.12253

Cited by 117 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…This standard functional leaf ionome can be determined from surveys of the leaf ionomes of a representative selection of angiosperms grown under nutrient‐replete conditions. This might be achieved by sampling species from their natural habitats (Reich and Oleksyn , Watanabe et al , Fyllas et al , Zhang et al , White et al , Cornwell et al , Hao et al , Hayes et al , Sardans et al , He et al , Verboom et al ) or by growing species in controlled environments (Broadley et al , , White et al , ). Each of these approaches offers advantages and disadvantages.…”

Section: The Functional Ionomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, plant species from the same family grown in the same environment have similar leaf ionomes, whereas those of different families and orders are distinct (Broadley et al , White et al ). Furthermore, despite the effects of environment on the leaf ionome, strong phylogenetic effects on the mineral composition of plant species can still be observed even in extensive field surveys (Garten , Thompson et al , Kerkhoff et al , Watanabe et al , Fyllas et al , Metali et al , Zhang et al , Cornwell et al , Hao et al , Viani et al , Sardans et al , He et al , Verboom et al ), surveys of plots receiving contrasting fertilisation, such as the Rothamsted Park Grass Experiment (White et al ), and pot experiments with contrasting soils (Viani et al , Quintero‐Vallejo et al ). For example, the leaves of Poales are characterised by relatively small Ca, Mg and B concentrations, leaves of Brassicales are characterised by relatively large Ca, Zn and S concentrations, and leaves of Caryophyllales are characterised by relatively large Mg, Zn and Na concentrations (Fig.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Effects On the Leaf Ionomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in the angiosperm ionome

Neugebauer

Broadley

El‐Serehy

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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The ionome is defined as the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, organ or organism. The subset of the ionome comprising mineral nutrients is termed the functional ionome. A ‘standard functional ionome’ of leaves of an ‘average’ angiosperm, defined as the nutrient composition of leaves when growth is not limited by mineral nutrients, is presented and can be used to compare the effects of environment and genetics on plant nutrition. The leaf ionome of a plant is influenced by interactions between its environment and genetics. Examples of the effects of the environment on the leaf ionome are presented and the consequences of nutrient deficiencies on the leaf ionome are described. The physiological reasons for (1) allometric relationships between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and (2) linear relationships between leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations are explained. It is noted that strong phylogenetic effects on the mineral composition of leaves of angiosperm species are observed even when sampled from diverse environments. The evolutionary origins of traits including (1) the small calcium concentrations of Poales leaves, (2) the large magnesium concentrations of Caryophyllales leaves and (3) the large sulphur concentrations of Brassicales leaves are traced using phylogenetic relationships among angiosperm orders, families and genera. The rare evolution of hyperaccumulation of toxic elements in leaves of angiosperms is also described. Consequences of variation in the leaf ionome for ecology, mineral cycling in the environment, strategies for phytoremediation of contaminated land, sustainable agriculture and the nutrition of livestock and humans are discussed.

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Section: The Functional Ionomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogenetic Effects On the Leaf Ionomementioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the angiosperm ionome

Neugebauer

Broadley

El‐Serehy

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…α < 1.0) [1]. The large-scale patterns of the leaf N and P stoichiometry in relation to environmental conditions (especially temperature), biogeochemical gradients, intrinsic genetic factors and species composition have been generalized in previous studies [10][11][12][17][18][19]. Moreover, a constant exponent of leaf N vs. P scaling is appealing to, and chased by, ecologists for its simplicity in model operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and their scaling exponent

Tian

Yan

Niklas

et al. 2017

National Science Review

146

113

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Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations constrain photosynthetic and metabolic processes, growth and the productivity of plants. Their stoichiometry and scaling relationships regulate the allocation of N and P from subcellular to organism, and even ecosystem levels, and are crucial to the modelling of plant growth and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Prior work has revealed a general biogeographic pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships and shown that leaf N scales roughly as two-thirds the power of P. However, determining whether and how leaf N and P stoichiometries, especially their scaling exponents, change with functional groups and environmental conditions requires further verification. In this study, we compiled a global data set and documented the global leaf N and P concentrations and the N:P ratios by functional group, climate zone and continent. The global overall mean leaf N and P concentrations were 18.9 mg g −1 and 1.2 mg g −1 , respectively, with significantly higher concentrations in herbaceous than woody plants (21.72 mg g −1 vs. 18.22 mg g −1 for N; and 1.64 mg g −1 vs. 1.10 mg g −1 for P). Both leaf N and P showed higher concentrations at high latitudes than low latitudes. Among six continents, Europe had the highest N and P concentrations (20.79 and 1.54 mg g −1 ) and Oceania had the smallest values (10.01 and 0.46 mg g −1 ). These numerical values may be used as a basis for the comparison of other individual studies. Further, we found that the scaling exponent varied significantly across different functional groups, latitudinal zones, ecoregions and sites. The exponents of herbaceous and woody plants were 0.659 and 0.705, respectively, with significant latitudinal patterns decreasing from tropical to temperate to boreal zones. At sites with a sample size ≥10, the values fluctuated from 0.366 to 1.928, with an average of 0.841. Several factors including the intrinsic attributes of different life forms, P-related growth rates and relative nutrient availability of soils likely account for the inconstant exponents of leaf N vs. P scaling relationships.

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“…Sönke Zaehle reported that current C–N models, in contrast to measurements in Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments, achieve a positive response in net primary productivity (NPP) primarily by increasing C : N at the tissue level (Zaehle et al ., ); however, the models fail to reproduce the observed shift towards belowground C allocation and increased N uptake. Ivan Janssens reported that leaf N concentrations across European forests is co‐determined by phylogeny and, while spatial differences in stoichiometry within plant species can be large, temporal responses to environmental change appear small (Sardans et al ., ). It became clear that stoichiometric flexibility in different plant tissues and leaf‐level photosynthetic capacity – as well as their response to changes in atmospheric CO 2 and soil nutrient availability – warrant special attention from empiricists, as well as in the formulation of models.…”

Section: Nitrogen Constraints On Plant Co2 Responsesmentioning

confidence: 97%