Foliar Fungicides to Control Wheat Stem Rust, Race TTKS (Ug99), in Kenya

Wanyera, R.; Macharia, Joseph Kinyoro; Kilonzo, S. M.; Kamundia, J. W.

doi:10.1094/pdis-93-9-0929

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Past achievements have led to the development of cultivars highly adaptable to the Kenya highlands with most commercial production practiced at altitudes above 1500 m. Diseases, especially rusts, have reduced wheat productivity in Kenya ever since the crop was first grown commercially in 1906 [7][8][9][10][11]. Devastating historical and current epidemics (Figure 1) including the highly virulent race Ug99 of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat in Kenya: Past and Twenty-First Century Breeding

Macharia¹,

Ngina²

2017

Wheat Improvement, Management and Utilization

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Plant breeders aim to improve crop varieties to benefit humankind. Since wheat was introduced in Kenya, numerous varieties have been released and cultivated to varying extents. Past genetic gains have been fragile due to various environmental challenges-mostly rust diseases, and unfavorable socio-economic national policy for the crop. The role and the contribution of wheat breeding to the success of the crop in Kenya for over a century is reviewed. It is considered that systematic exploitation of local and introduced genetic diversity has contributed to release of varieties with superior genetics over time, enhancing productivity from 1 ton/ha in the 1920's to approximately 3 tons/ha recently. Consistent rise in demand to about 1 million metric tons suggests that the national wheat breeding research program must be remodeled to leverage modern tools and best practices; to reconsider its target range of breeding environments in the wake of climate change; to entrench its engagement with the international wheat research programs; and to promote a culture of continuous mentorship. Here, cases are highlighted where the national program has moved in such positive directions to address the varietal needs of a crop that has fully integrated in the economy and the diets of many Kenyans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat in Kenya: Past and Twenty-First Century Breeding

Macharia¹,

Ngina²

2017

Wheat Improvement, Management and Utilization

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“…Goes et al (2004) também constataram a eficiência de TEB no controle de P. psidii. Em outros patossitemas, este fungicida também foi eficiente em controlar a ferrugem do alho e do trigo, causadas pelo fungos Puccinia porri e Puccinia graminis tritici, respectivamente (Dalla Pria et al, 2008;Wanyera et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Na região, a ocorrência da ferrugem foi observada nos pomares de goiabeira 'Paluma' (Serrano et al, 2007) e o controle foi baseado em pulverizações semanais com fungicidas protetores, a base de cobre, e sistêmicos. No controle de diferentes espécies de ferrugens e em diferentes regiões do Brasil, fungicidas protetores e sistêmicos têm sido utilizados com sucesso (Garçon et al, 2004;Carvalho et al, 2008;Dalla Pria et al, 2008;Wanyera et al, 2009;Buck et al, 2010). Vários trabalhos demonstram eficiência de fungicidas no controle da ferrugem causada por P. psidii nas culturas do eucalipto (Ruiz et al, 1987;Zauza et al,2008;Masson et al, 2011;) e da goiabeira (Ferrari et al, 1997;Goes et al, 2004;Martins et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introduçaounclassified

Incidência e controle químico da ferrugem da goiabeira em diferentes épocas de poda na região norte do Espírito Santo

et al. 2012

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Incidence and chemical control of guava rust in different pruning times in the north of Espírito Santo, BrazilIn the north of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, increasing occurrence of rust (Puccinia psidii G. Winter) has been observed in guava trees, causing fruit drop and yield losses. The objective of this work was evaluate the incidence and chemical control of guava rust in 'Paluma' guava trees pruned in different seasons. Three experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, with three different pruning times (January; May and October) and four fungicide spraying treatments (I -untreated check, II -copper oxychloride, III -tebuconazole and IV -tebuconazole + oxychloride copper). Plants pruned in January showed the highest maximum and final guava rust incidences and smallest number of fruits per plant. Regardless of pruning time, the effective rust control occurred in plants sprayed with tebuconazole and tebuconazole plus copper oxychloride fungicides. Four sprayings with tebuconazole pure or mixed with copper oxychloride were sufficient to mitigate the damage caused by guava rust. No norte do Estado do Espírito Santo, vem sendo observada a ocorrência crescente da ferrugem (Puccinia psidii G. Winter) nos pomares de goiabeira, ocasionando a queda de frutos novos e o declínio na produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar tratamentos com fungicidas no controle da ferrugem em goiabeiras 'Paluma' podadas em diferentes épocas do ano. Foram realizados três experimentos, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com diferentes épocas de poda de frutificação (janeiro; maio e outubro) e quatro tratamentos fungicidas (I-testemunha -aplicação de água, II-oxicloreto de cobre, III-tebuconazole e IV-tebuconazole + oxicloreto de cobre). Observou-se que, quando a poda foi realizada em janeiro, houve as maiores incidências máxima e final da doença, acarretando menor número de frutos por planta. Dentre os fungicidas testados, tebuconazole isolado ou em mistura com oxicloreto de cobre foram os mais eficientes em controlar a doença nas três épocas de poda, inclusive na época de maior incidência da doença. Quatro pulverizações com tebuconazole, isolado ou em mistura com o oxicloreto de cobre, foram suficientes para minimizar os danos causados pela ferrugem da goiabeira. Palavras-chave:Psidium guajava L., Puccinia psidii G. Winter, poda de frutificação, fungicidas. 179Incidência e controle químico da ferrugem da goiabeira em diferentes épocas de poda na região...Rev.

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“…Unlike in other regions e.g. United States, Canada, Australia and South Africa (Table 1), there is currently no fungicide registered for the control of wheat stem rust in Kenya, this is because the effects of fungicide on loss prevention are poorly understood and data is limited (Wanyera et al, 2009). However, fungicides are used extensively by producers in other countries to control stripe and leaf rusts, but only a few are registered for the control of stem rust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the introduction of systemic fungicides in the 1970's, fungicides became an integral part of cereal crop production. They have become established as an essential input in the growing of cereals and it is not possible to grow a profitable crop of wheat in stem rust "hot-spot" areas without the application of fungicide (Wanyera et al, 2009). Despite global concerns and restrictions on chemical development and usage in food production, such limitations have tended to give impetus to developments in fungicide chemistry and delivery systems (McDonald, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%