Foliar nitrogen characteristics of four tree species planted in New York City forest restoration sites

Falxa-Raymond, Nancy; Palmer, Matthew I.; McPhearson, Timon; Griffin, Kevin L.

doi:10.1007/s11252-014-0346-3

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…δ 15 N generally follows a pattern of isotopic enrichment of atmospheric NO x in urban areas and isotopic depletion of NH x in agricultural areas (Pearson et al, ). Isotopically enriched foliage has been found in urban areas relative to less urbanized areas in New York City trees (Falxa‐Raymond et al, ), UK mosses (Pearson et al, ), and Los Angeles grasses (W. Wang & Pataki, ). Synthetic inorganic fertilizers have δ 15 N values of near 0‰ (Bateman & Kelly, ; Kendall et al, ; Vitòria et al, ), and plants in fertilized yards have been found to have more depleted δ 15 N values than plants in unfertilized yards (Trammell et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Age and Affluence Influence Plant and Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Cycles in Two Semiarid Cities

et al. 2018

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While human activities have altered the urban nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycles, the relationships between social and biophysical processes in cities are not well understood. Here we evaluated relationships between sociodemographic variables (median household income and housing age) and N and C contents and stable isotope ratios of vegetation in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area (LA), California, and the Salt Lake Valley, Utah. We hypothesized that (1) N content and stable isotope ratios would be negatively related to income via increased N deposition in lower-income areas; (2) N and C content and N stable isotope ratios would have a positive relationship with age due to soil organic matter accumulation and increased exposure to N losses over time, respectively; and (3) δ 13 C would increase with income as a result of increased fossil fuel-derived CO 2 concentrations in lower-income areas. We found that δ 15 N values decreased with median household income in both cities and N content decreased with income in LA. In addition, atmospheric NO 2 concentrations decreased with income in LA. Soil N and C content increased with housing age. However, δ 15 N had opposing relationships with age in the two cities. Finally, foliar δ 13 C values were more isotopically depleted with both increasing household income and increasing NO 2 concentrations in LA. These results show that urban foliar and soil isotopic composition are associated with sociodemographic variables and that affluence, as well as housing age, influences urban plant and soil function.Urban areas also have highly altered carbon (C) cycles that are affected by a myriad of ecological and sociological factors. For example, urbanized areas have elevated CO 2 concentrations that may exceed 500 ppm

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Age and Affluence Influence Plant and Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Cycles in Two Semiarid Cities

et al. 2018

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“…The cumulative metro-scale (elevated UHI, N deposition and CO 2 ) impacts and the resulting coordinated physio-metabolic shifts suggest enhanced productivity and physiological stress acclimation in Philadelphia red maples, which was observed to a lesser extent in Newark ( Table 5 and Fig 3 ). Here, we have demonstrated that in the larger (higher population density), warmer (UHI and dryer soils), city (metro-scale impacts) with nutrient-rich soil (higher inputs of Mg, Ca, P, and K and N-S deposition) the urban conditions appear to be stimulating chlorophyll biosynthesis and inducing stress mitigating and/or acclimation responses for increased growth rate in red maples [ 1 – 3 , 21 ]. Our research provides evidence that nutrient-rich urban environments [ 64 , 72 , 76 , 80 ] may compensate for environmental perturbations on forest trees growing in a large city.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of urbanization across cities alters abiotic conditions that can influence tree physiology and metabolism, which has global implications for urban forest health [ 1 – 3 ] as cities across the world continue to experience greater human impacts and expansion [ 4 ]. Cities are an ideal ‘natural experiment’ for assessing the cumulative impacts of current global environmental changes [ 5 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees demonstrate acclimation to urban conditions in deciduous forests embedded in cities

et al. 2020

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The impacts of urbanization, such as urban heat island (UHI) and nutrient loads, can influence tree function through altered physiology and metabolism and stress response, which has implications for urban forest health in cities across the world. Our goal was to compare growth-stimulating and stress-mitigating acclimation patterns of red maple (Acer rubrum) trees in deciduous forests embedded in a small (Newark, DE, US) and a large (Philadelphia, PA, US) city. The study was conducted in a long-term urban forest network on seventy-nine mature red maple trees spanning ten forests across Newark and Philadelphia. We hypothesized that red maples in Philadelphia forests compared to Newark forests will be healthier and more acclimated to warmer temperatures, elevated CO 2 concentrations and reactive nitrogen (N r) deposition, and higher nutrient/heavy metal loads. Therefore, these red maples will have higher foliar pigments, nutrients, and stress-indicating elements, enriched δ 15 N isotopes and increased free polyamines and amino acids to support a growth-stimulating and stress-induced response to urbanization. Our results indicate red maples are potentially growth-stimulated and stress-acclimated in Philadelphia forests experiencing a greater magnitude of urban intensity. Red maples in Philadelphia forests contained higher concentrations of foliar chlorophyll, %N, δ 15 N, and nutrients than those in Newark forests. Similarly, lower foliar magnesium and manganese, and higher foliar zinc, cadmium, lead, and aluminum reflected the difference in soil biogeochemistry in Philadelphia forests. Accumulation patterns of foliar free amino acids, polyamines, phosphorous, and potassium ions in red maples in Philadelphia forests shows a reallocation in cellular metabolism and nutrient uptake pathways responsible for physiological acclimation. Our results suggest the approach used here can serve as a model for investigating 'plant physiology' and the use of urban trees as a biomonitor of the impacts of 'urban pollution' on urban forests. The results suggest that cellular oxidative stress in trees caused by pollutant uptake is mitigated by the accumulation of free amino acids, polyamines, and nutrients in a larger city. Our study provides a framework for determining whether trees respond to complex urban environments through stress memory and/or acclimation.

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“…Different ecosystem 15 N signals have been used as a useful indicator of N cycling in urban forests (Fang et al 2011a;Bai et al 2012Bai et al , 2013Falxa-Raymond et al 2014;Wang et al 2015). Enriched δ 15 N systems suggest an open N cycling with high microbial activity and possibly high N loss from the system when lighter N tends to be lost (Nadelhoffer and Fry 1994;Wang et al 2015).…”

Section: Using N Isotope Composition (δ 15 N) To Study N Deposition Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even microbial activities involved in N transformations discriminate against heavier N, and their products are δ 15 N-depleted and hence vulnerable to loss (Nadelhoffer and Fry 1994). Under such conditions, plants would assimilate δ 15 N-enriched NH 4 + -N and NO 3 − -N from soil leading to foliar δ 15 N enrichment (Fang et al 2011a;Falxa-Raymond et al 2014). It has been shown that soil available N and foliar δ 15 N are positively correlated and foliar δ 15 N reflects the N status of soil (Ibell et al 2013a(Ibell et al , b, 2014.…”

Section: Using N Isotope Composition (δ 15 N) To Study N Deposition Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Human footprints in urban forests: implication of nitrogen deposition for nitrogen and carbon storage

Bai

Blumfield

et al. 2015

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose Rising levels of nitrogen (N) deposition are influencing urban forest carbon (C) and N dynamics due to greater human disturbance compared to those in rural areas. N deposition in combination with increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water limitation may alter C and N storage in urban forests. This review aimed to provide a better understanding of N and C storage under N deposition scenarios in urban forests. Results and discussion Globally, fuel combustion and biomass burning contribute in approximately 70 and 16 % of the NO x emission respectively. It is also estimated that NH y and NO x are two to four times higher in urban forests compared to rural areas. However, higher N deposition may not always result in increased N and C storage in urban forests. In fact, urban forests may even show early symptoms of N and C losses under climate change. For example, urban forests in fire-prone areas require higher frequency of burning to reduce the threat of wildfires, leading to an acceleration of C and N loss. Additionally, chronic N deposition may result in an early N loss in urban forests due to faster N saturation and soil acidification in urban forests compared to rural forests. Studies of N deposition on urban forests using N isotope composition (δ 15 N) also showed that N loss from urban forests can occur through the direct leaching of the deposited NO 3 − -N.We also noted that using different 15 N signal of soil and plant in combination of tree ring δ 15 N may provide a better understanding of N movement in urban forests.Conclusions Although urban forests may become a source of C and N faster than rural forests, N-limited urban forests may benefit from N deposition to retain both N and C stocks longer than non-N-limited urban forests. Appropriate management practices may also help to delay such symptoms; however, the main source of emission still needs to be managed to reduce both N deposition and rising atmospheric CO 2 in urban forests. Otherwise, the N and C stocks in urban forests may further decline when prolonged drought conditions under global climate change increase the frequency of fires and reduce plant photosynthesis.

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Foliar nitrogen characteristics of four tree species planted in New York City forest restoration sites

Cited by 18 publications

References 63 publications

Housing Age and Affluence Influence Plant and Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Cycles in Two Semiarid Cities

Housing Age and Affluence Influence Plant and Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Cycles in Two Semiarid Cities

Red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees demonstrate acclimation to urban conditions in deciduous forests embedded in cities

Human footprints in urban forests: implication of nitrogen deposition for nitrogen and carbon storage

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