Foliar Nourishment with Nano-Selenium Dioxide Promotes Physiology, Biochemistry, Antioxidant Defenses, and Salt Tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris

Abstract

Novel strategic green approaches are urgently needed to raise the performance of plants subjected to stress. Two field-level experimental attempts were implemented during two (2019 and 2020) growing seasons to study the possible effects of exogenous nourishment with selenium dioxide nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on growth, physio-biochemical ingredients, antioxidant defenses, and yield of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) plant growing on a salt-affected soil (EC = 7.55–7.61 dS m−1). At 20, 30, and 40 days from seeding, three foliar sprays were applied to plants with Se-NPs at a rate of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM. The experimental design was accomplished in randomized complete plots. The data indicate noteworthy elevations in indicators related to growth and yield; pigments related to effective photosynthesis, osmoprotectant (free proline and soluble sugars), nutrient and Se contents, K+/Na+ ratio, cell integrity (water content and stability of membranes), all enzyme activities; and all features related to leaf anatomy induced by Se-NPs foliar spray. Conversely, marked lowering in markers of Na+ content-induced oxidative stress (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) and their outcomes in terms of ionic leakage and malondialdehyde were reported by foliar nourishment with Se-NPS compared to spraying leaves with water as an implemented control. The best results were recorded with Se-NPs applied at 1.0 mM, which mitigated the negative effects of soil salinity (control results). Therefore, the outcomes of this successful study recommend the use of Se-NPs at a rate of 1.0 mM as a foliar spray to grow common beans on saline soils with EC up to 7.55–7.61 dS m−1.

Revitalizing Fertility of Nutrient-Deficient Virgin Sandy Soil Using Leguminous Biocompost Boosts Phaseolus vulgaris Performance

“…Furthermore, the accumulation of ascorbate and glutathione with the S CF75 + F CF25 + C L B treatment contributed to the improved tissue water status and membrane integrity by reducing the activity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 47 , 92 , 93 ]. It has been explained that the accumulation of K + , free proline, and soluble sugars as osmolytes contributes to osmotic adjustment, which helps to maintain the cell turgor and stabilize the membranes by activation of antioxidant plant defense system [ 73 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]. This is also evident from improvement in antioxidant enzymes activities in this study ( Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 ), such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD), including leaf content of protein for the S CF75 + F CF25 + C L B treatment in P. vulgaris plants grown under the tested conditions.…”

Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression

“…In arid and semi-arid areas, the agricultural sector suffers from numerous stressors. Researchers are trying to find solutions to obtain yields commensurate with the considerable efforts to maintain sustainable agricultural development [7,18,19,[80][81][82][83][84]. Amongst stressors, salinity often compromises plant performance and its returns (yields) through salt influences on different processes related to plant metabolism by inducing the immoderate generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), seriously influencing plant growth and development [85,86].…”

“…Amongst stressors, salinity often compromises plant performance and its returns (yields) through salt influences on different processes related to plant metabolism by inducing the immoderate generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), seriously influencing plant growth and development [85,86]. To avert salt damage, stressed plants stimulate several specific strategic mechanisms, including osmotic adjustment, ion hemostasis, and stimulation of antioxidant defense components [7,87]. However, plants' self-defenses cannot be sufficient under prolonged stress.…”

“…Chili peppers are susceptible or moderately susceptible to salinity, which poisons plant cells due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [5]. Plant metabolism is discouraged by salinity-induced ROS due to osmotic stress, Na + , and Cl − ions toxicity, which contribute to the inhibition of plant growth, various physio-chemical attributes, and outputs [6][7][8][9][10]. To overcome osmotic and ionic stress, plants alter their biochemical mechanisms and stimulate defense mechanisms by synthesizing more compounds ranging from low-molecular-mass antioxidants to compatible solutes [11,12].…”

Foliar Nourishment with Different Zinc-Containing Forms Effectively Sustains Carrot Performance in Zinc-Deficient Soil

“…From setting seeds in seedbeds to harvesting, plants suffer from one or more of several abiotic environmental adversaries, such as salinity [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], drought [33][34][35][36][37], heavy metals [38][39][40][41][42], weed invasion [43][44][45], nutrient deficiency [46,47], high soil CaCO 3 content [4,17,48], or even more than one stress at the same time [18,[49][50][51][52][53][54]. Therefore, lots of attempts have been made by many researchers to explore effective solutions that lead to a successful adaptation of different plant species, especially those sensitive to those abiotic adversaries, which are increasing with climate change conditions that we did not realize before.…”