“…Optical sensors provide significant benefits such as economical cost, rapid response, high accuracy, and portable detection . This means they can be used in many fields, including disease diagnosis, , food safety, healthcare, , agriculture, and environmental protection. − The fluorescent sensors show signal output and high sensitivity; therefore, academics and researchers find it attractive. Recently, various fluorescent materials (e.g., conjugate polymers, , rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles, , quantum dots, carbon dots, , metal–organic frameworks, and metal nanoclusters) ,− have been used to develop luminescent sensors.…”