Follicular Lymphoma Diagnosed in Warthin Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Akber, Alnoor; Gandhi, Jatin; Stein, Matthew; Gradowski, Joel F.

doi:10.1007/s12105-019-01045-x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…FL presents insidiously with lymphadenopathy, often involving cervical, axillary, or inguinal lymph nodes. Patients may also experience systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats and unintentional weight loss, referred to as B symptoms (Alnoor, Gandhi, Stein, & Gradowski, 2020;Dada, 2019). The diagnosis of FL relies on histological examination of a biopsy to assess grade and transformation potential accurately (Dada, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of FL relies on histological examination of a biopsy to assess grade and transformation potential accurately (Dada, 2019). Immunohistochemical staining is essential for confirming FL, with characteristic markers CD19, CD 20, CD10 monoclonal immunoglobulin and cytoplasmic expression of bcl-2 protein (Agostinelli et al, 2019;Alnoor et al, 2020). A case report by Tomohiko Tanigawa et al (2019) illustrates the occurrence of histological transformation from Grade 1 FL to Diffuse large B cell Lymphoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Follicular Lymphoma in a Young Male - A Case Report

Anaizi,

Mayhoub,

Huwaijah

2023

Am. J. Med. Sci. Innov.

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Follicular Lymphoma is an uncommon cancer that involves B-cells in germinal centres. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is also significantly represented by follicular lymphoma; different morbidity figures are observed in some countries. This case report describes the clinical journey of a 33-year-old man whose shortness of breath, worsening cough, along systemic symptoms culminated in a diagnosed case of follicular lymphoma. Hepatosplenomegaly was observed on clinical examination, and laboratory blood tests showed lymphocytosis and significant lymphadenopathy. Quick diagnostic imaging such as Ultrasound and X-rays/CT scans was instrumental in determining disease extent. Later, following further discussions between a haematologist-oncologists at the tertiary care centre and a definitive biopsy of lymph nodes,, the final diagnosis was affirmed as Follicular lymphoma, Grade 1A, accompanied by circulating lymphoma cells in the peripheral blood. This incident exemplifies the significance of identifying Follicular Lymphoma at an early stage, conducting a thorough evaluation, and involving many medical specialists in treating it. For optimal outcomes in patients with follicular lymphoma, timely interventions and tailored treatments may be necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular Lymphoma in a Young Male - A Case Report

Anaizi,

Mayhoub,

Huwaijah

2023

Am. J. Med. Sci. Innov.

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“…In association with this, squamous epithelium and mucous cells sometimes appear due to inflammatory or chemogenic changes, and in rare cases, extensive necrosis may accompany the lesions. Neither the epithelial nor the lymphocytic component is usually atypical; however, secondary adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, oncocytic carcinoma, or malignant lymphoma (follicular lymphoma) may occur [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The most common histologic type of carcinoma derived from Warthin’s tumor is squamous cell carcinoma, although mucoepidermoid carcinoma has also been reported [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Histopathology Of Warthin’s Tumormentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Warthin’s Tumor: Neoplastic or Non-Neoplastic?

Aoki,

Tanaka

2024

Cancers

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Warthin’s tumor is the second most frequent neoplasm next to pleomorphic adenoma in the salivary gland, mostly in the parotid gland. The epithelial cells constituting a tumor are characterized by the presence of mitochondria that undergo structural and functional changes, resulting in the development of oncocytes. In addition to containing epithelial cells, Warthin’s tumors contain abundant lymphocytes with lymph follicles (germinal centers) that are surrounded by epithelial cells. The pathogenesis of Warthin’s tumor is not fully understood, and several hypotheses have been proposed. The risk factors for the development of Warthin’s tumor, which predominantly occurs in males, include aging, smoking, and radiation exposure. Recently, it has been reported that chronic inflammation and aging cells promote the growth of Warthin’s tumor. Several reports regarding the origin of the tumor have suggested that (1) Warthin’s tumor is an IgG4-related disease, (2) epithelial cells that compose Warthin’s tumor accumulate mitochondria, and (3) Warthin’s tumor is a metaplastic lesion in the lymph nodes. It is possible that the pathogenesis of Warthin’s tumor includes mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities, accumulation of aged cells, chronic inflammation, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this short review, we propose that DNA damage, metabolic dysfunction of mitochondria, senescent cells, SASP, human papillomavirus, and IgG4 may be involved in the development of Warthin’s tumor.

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“…In general, WT grows slowly, and malignant transformations are rare, occurring at a rate of less than 0.1% 3 . The malignant transformation can arise from the epithelial or lymphoid cells of WT 7,8 . Synchronous or metachronous tumors, some of which are malignant, in proximity to WT of the parotid, occur rarely 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The malignant transformation can arise from the epithelial or lymphoid cells of WT. 7,8 Synchronous or metachronous tumors, Abbreviations: FN, false negative; FNAC, fine-needle aspiration cytology; FP, false positive; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; TN, true negative; TP, true positives; WT, Warthin tumor. some of which are malignant, in proximity to WT of the parotid, occur rarely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytologic diagnosis of parotid gland Warthin tumor: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Fisher

Ronen

2022

Head & Neck

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It is important to define the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor (WT). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of WT in the parotid gland and WT growth rate. For determination of FNAC accuracy, 17 studies, encompassing 1710 cases, were included. Pulled random model estimates of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 93.7% (95%CI: 92.1, 95.3), 97.9% (95%CI: 97, 98.9), 93.3% (95%CI: 91.5, 95.1), and 97.4% (95%CI: 96.4, 98.4), respectively. FNAC is highly reliable for the diagnosis of WT of the parotid. The high PPV value suggests that patients with a cytological diagnosis of WT of the parotid may be assigned to active surveillance.

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Follicular Lymphoma Diagnosed in Warthin Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Follicular Lymphoma in a Young Male - A Case Report

Follicular Lymphoma in a Young Male - A Case Report

Pathogenesis of Warthin’s Tumor: Neoplastic or Non-Neoplastic?

Cytologic diagnosis of parotid gland Warthin tumor: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

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