Follow-up of transmission of hepatitis C to babies of human immunodeficiency virus-negative women: the role of breast-feeding in transmission

Ruiz-Extremera, Ángeles; Salmerón, Javier; Torres, Cristina; Rueda, Paloma; Giménez, Francisco; Robles, Carlos León; Miranda, Marı́a Isabel

doi:10.1097/00006454-200006000-00004

Cited by 107 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The fact that children are more likely to clear HCV infections than adults is supported by the finding that only 8 of 33 children sampled in years 2 and/or 3 continued to be HCV-RNA positive (32). The 76% (25 of 33) HCV clearance rate was much greater than the 23% clearance rate among the children in the EPHN multicenter project (29).…”

Section: Mother-to-infant Transmission For Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ceci et al (31) conducted a 2-year follow-up of 60 HCV-infected infants born to HCV-RNA-positive mothers and reported that 75% cleared their infections. RuizExtremera et al (32) reported that 7 of 8 Spanish infants born to anti-HCV-positive mothers followed for an average of 29 months had detectable HCV-RNA and anti-HCV, both of which cleared. Others reported that 2 of 3 infants with perinatal HCV cleared their viremia by 2 months of age (33).…”

Section: Mother-to-infant Transmission For Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C in Pregnant Egyptian Women and Its Transmission to Their Infants

et al. 2010

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Aim To estimate the hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertical transmission rate, the effect of potential risk factors, and the pattern of HCV antibody response and viremia in HCV-infected infants in Benha, Egypt.Methods A total of 1224 pregnant women who were treated at Benha University Hospital, Egypt, were included in the study. They completed a questionnaire about risk factors for HCV acquisition and suspected risk factors for mother-to-infant transmission and were tested for HCV antibody using a third-generation ELISA test. Women positive for HCV antibody were tested for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Peripheral blood of infants of positive HCV-RNA women was tested for HCV antibody and HCV-RNA at 1 and after 6 months of age.Results Out of 1224 pregnant women, 105 (8.6%; 95% confidence interval, 7.05-10.17) were positive for HCV antibody. Only 83 (6.8%; 5.39-7.21) were positive for HCV-RNA. HCV infection was associated with older age (1.16; 1.1-1.2, P = 0.001), blood transfusion (2.69; 1.2-6.0, P = 0.016), and HCV infection of the husband (5.47; 1.4-21, P = 0.014) or other household members (2.29; 1.2-4.6, P = 0.019). Out of 53 infants tested at first month, 43 (81%; 71-92%) were positive for HCV antibody, but only 7 (13%; 4.1-22%) were positive for HCV-RNA. After 6 months, only 2 (3.8%; 0-8.95%) remained positive for HCV RNA. ConclusionsThe prevalence of HCV in pregnant women in Egypt is lower than previously reported and the potential risk factors associated with HCV infection suggest intra-familial transmission. The frequency of vertical transmission of HCV in Egypt is not substantially different from other countries and does not play a role in the high prevalence of HCV in Egypt. CLINICAL SCIENCES doi: 10.3325/cmj.2010.51.219 CLINICAL SCIENCE 220Croat Med J. 2010; 51: 219-28 www.cmj.hrWorldwide, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most prevalent causes of liver diseases. There are estimated 300 million carriers of the virus all over the world (1). In the USA, the overall prevalence of HCV antibodies in the general population is 1.8%, the prevalence in children 6-11 years is 0.2%, and in adolescents 12-19 years old is 0.4% (2). In most developed countries, HCV infection is associated with percutaneous blood exposure, primarily as a result of blood transfusion and intravenous drug addiction (3).Egypt has the highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world. Studies have found widely varying levels (10-50%) of the prevalence, depending on the populations covered; overall, estimates of the HCV rate in the general population range between 10 and 20% (4,5). Geographically, hepatitis C prevalence is higher in Lower Egypt (Nile delta) than Upper Egypt, and it is lower in urban than rural areas (6).In Egypt, the use of contaminated needles and syringes during mass schistosomiasis treatment campaigns during the period the 1960s-1980s has been identified as a key mode of transmission for HCV infection, suggesting that parenteral exposure continues to cause infections (7). Evidence of high interfamili...

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Section: Mother-to-infant Transmission For Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mother-to-infant Transmission For Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C in Pregnant Egyptian Women and Its Transmission to Their Infants

et al. 2010

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“…Although mother-to-infant transmission occurred across a wide range of maternal viral titers, in 9 studies statistically higher maternal viral titers corresponded to a greater tendency for mother-to-infant transmission 19,33,34,40,[42][43][44][45][46] ; in 9 studies there was no difference. 18,20,27,[35][36][37][38][39]41 Most studies reported mother-to-infant transmission at viral titers beyond the range of 10 5 to 10 6 copies/mL.…”

Section: Maternal Viral Titermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24][25][26][27]31,34,35,38,40,48 Only one of these studies defined the extent (duration and exclusivity) of breast feeding. 24 Overall rates of mother-to-infant transmission between breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants were similar.…”

Section: Breast Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother–To–Infant Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus

2001

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“…18,50 Nevertheless, breast-feeding is generally not considered to be a risk factor for mother-to-infant transmission of HCV. 8,44,51,52 In published studies, the rate of transmission is nearly identical in breast-or bottle-fed infants.…”

Section: Breast-feeding and Transmission Of Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

2002

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Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is comparatively uncommon. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in pregnant women is 0.1% to 2.4%, although in some endemic areas it is much higher. The proportion of women with anti-HCV who have active infection with viremia is 60% to 70%. Transmission of HCV occurs only when serum HCV RNA is detectable and may be related to higher levels (above 10 6 copies per mL). M aternal and child health issues relating to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have recently assumed greater importance than ever before. From the pediatric perspective, the availability of effective screening methods for HCV has virtually eliminated new cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis C in children. Consequently, childhood acquisition of HCV infection through maternal-infant transmission has become the most important mode of spread. 1 Vertical, or more precisely, mother-to-infant hepatitis C will likely be the major type of childhood chronic hepatitis C within the next 6 to 8 years. It has been difficult to determine the rate of mother-to-infant transmission, partly because reports of mother-to-infant transmission of HCV have been based on small numbers of patients, with differing disease definitions, followed with different study designs and using different virological assays. These reports tended to be heterogeneous and conflicting. Moreover, factors that promote mother-to-infant transmission and the outcome of chronic HCV infection acquired by this route still require clarification. Likewise, for women of child-bearing age who acquired chronic hepatitis C in childhood or in early adulthood, there are important issues relating to pregnancy itself, such as its effect on the disease course of chronic hepatitis C. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Among Pregnant WomenNumerous studies have examined the prevalence of hepatitis C among pregnant women (Table 1). The studies vary considerably in terms of the size of the study, geographic variables, and adequacy of laboratory testing. In general, the prevalence of detectable antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) is approximately 1% overall (range, 0.1% to 2.4%), based on the studies that included at least 3,000 subjects. The mean Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; anti-HCV, antibody to HCV; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.

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Follow-up of transmission of hepatitis C to babies of human immunodeficiency virus-negative women: the role of breast-feeding in transmission

Cited by 107 publications

References 25 publications

Prospective Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C in Pregnant Egyptian Women and Its Transmission to Their Infants

Prospective Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C in Pregnant Egyptian Women and Its Transmission to Their Infants

Mother–To–Infant Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus

Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection

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