Food acceptability affects ghrelin and insulin levels in healthy male subjects. A pilot study

Olabi, Ammar; Hwalla, Nahla; Daroub, Hamza; Obeid, Omar; Cordahi, Christelle

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.001

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the lack of effect of the artificial sweeteners sucralose, acesulfame K., and aspartame on ghrelin release at physiologic concentration (1 mM) in fundic cultures. Supraphysiological concentrations of the artificial sweetener sucralose stimulated ghrelin secretion in fundic cultures, which has also been shown in mice ghrelinoma cell line (20) and in vivo in humans (66) with high concentrations of acesulfame K. The stimulatory effect of sucralose on ghrelin release was stronger in obese patients, which may enhance food craving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Obesity alters adrenergic and chemosensory signaling pathways that regulate ghrelin secretion in the human gut

et al. 2019

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Chemosensory signaling in organs such as the mouth and gut contributes to the mechanisms that control metabolism. We investigated the chemosensory pathways that regulate secretion of the hunger hormone ghrelin in response to neurotransmitters, bitter and sweet tastants at the cellular level in the human gut mucosa, and the disturbances in this regulatory pathway induced by obesity. Obesity impaired ghrelin protein production and adrenalin‐induced ghrelin secretion in fundic cells, which was counterbalanced by somatostatin. Bitter agonists selective for taste receptor type 2 (TAS2Rs), TAS2R5 and TAS2R10 stimulated ghrelin secretion in fundic cells. The stimulatory effect of the broadly tuned bitter agonist, denatonium benzoate, was selectively blunted by obesity in the small intestine but not in the fundus. Luminal glucose concentrations inhibited ghrelin secretion via sodium‐dependent glucose cotransporter and taste receptor type 1 member 3. Obesity altered the sensitivity of the ghrelin cell to glucose in the small intestine but not in the fundus. Sweet taste receptor activation inhibited bitter taste signaling of the ghrelin cell. In conclusion, obesity impairs the sympathetic drive that controls ghrelin release in the fundus and affects the sensitivity of the ghrelin cell to bitter and sweet stimuli in the small intestine but not in the fundus. Region‐selective targeting of gut taste receptors in obesity is indicated.—Wang, Q., Liszt, K. I., Deloose, E., Canovai, E., Thijs, T., Farré, R., Ceulemans, L. J., Lannoo, M., Tack, J., Depoortere, I. Obesity alters adrenergic and chemosensory signaling pathways that regulate ghrelin secretion in the human gut. FASEB J. 33, 4907–4920 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Obesity alters adrenergic and chemosensory signaling pathways that regulate ghrelin secretion in the human gut

et al. 2019

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“…The outcomes of the 18 studies in which glucose and/or insulin responses were measured for time periods <120 minutes postprandially, are mostly consistent with the results of our meta-analyses. Most studies reported no effects (67,(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)83) or very small changes (70,74,76) in PPG and PPI responses after LES ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute glycemic and insulinemic effects of low-energy sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Greyling

Appleton

Raben

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background It has been suggested that low-energy sweeteners (LES) may be associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, possibly due to stimulation of glucose-responsive mechanisms. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies examining the acute effect of LES intake on postprandial glucose (PPG) and postprandial insulin (PPI) responses, in order to comprehensively and objectively quantify these relations. Methods We systematically searched the Medline, OVID FSTA, and SCOPUS databases until January 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing acute postprandial effects on PPG and/or PPI after exposure to LES, either alone, with a meal, or with other nutrient-containing preloads to the same intervention without LES were eligible for inclusion. PPG and PPI responses were calculated as mean incremental area under the curve divided by time. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models with inverse variance weighing. Results Twenty-six papers (34 PPG trials and 29 PPI trials) were included. There were no reports of statistically significant differences in the effects of LES on PPG and PPI responses compared with control interventions. Pooled effects of LES intake on the mean change difference in PPG and PPI were −0.02 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.09, 0.05) and −2.39 pmol/L (95% CI: −11.83, 7.05), respectively. The results did not appreciably differ by the type or dose of LES consumed, cointervention type, or fasting glucose and insulin levels. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, the mean change difference indicated a smaller PPG response after exposure to LES compared with the control (−0.3 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.53, −0.07). Conclusions Ingestion of LES, administered alone or in combination with a nutrient-containing preload, has no acute effects on the mean change in postprandial glycemic or insulinemic responses compared with a control intervention. Apart from a small beneficial effect on PPG (−0.3 mmol/L) in studies enrolling patients with type 2 diabetes, the effects did not differ by type or dose of LES, or fasting glucose or insulin levels. This review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42018099608.

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“…In obesity, ghrelin levels are downregulated as an adaptation to positive energy balance , while GLP‐1 response to food consumption is often blunted in participants with obesity compared with their lean counterparts . In lean participants, food acceptability was reported to alter ghrelin and insulin levels . The fact that responsiveness to different types of foods varies between lean participants and those with obesity motivated us to compare the effect of food palatability on gut hormones, including ghrelin and GLP‐1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Meal Acceptability on Postprandial Appetite Scores and Hormones of Male Participants with Varied Adiposity

Helou

Obeid

Olabi

2019

Obesity

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Objective This study portrays the effect of hedonic manipulation (high acceptability [HA] vs. low acceptability [LA]) on postprandial hormones and appetite scores in healthy males. Methods Thirty participants (15 with normal weight and 15 with obesity) were recruited for a randomized, crossover design. They were randomly assigned to the HA or LA (with acesulfame‐K) custard. Blood samples were drawn before the meals and for 4 hours after the meals and were analyzed for glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP‐1). Appetite scores and subsequent energy intake were recorded. Results Postprandial glucose, insulin, and ghrelin were different according to adiposity, whereas meal acceptability did not correspond to any significant difference in postprandial glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and GLP‐1 concentrations. Appetite scores showed lower hunger, higher satiety, and fullness after the HA meal without a significant difference between the meals. Subsequent energy intake, expressed as a percentage of the resting energy expenditure, was higher in participants with obesity but did not reflect postprandial hormones and appetite scores; there was no significant difference between meals. Conclusions Hedonic properties and palatability do not affect gut hormones, mainly ghrelin and GLP‐1. Moreover, their postprandial concentrations were not paralleled by similar changes in appetite scores, and both were not found to affect subsequent intake.

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Food acceptability affects ghrelin and insulin levels in healthy male subjects. A pilot study

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Obesity alters adrenergic and chemosensory signaling pathways that regulate ghrelin secretion in the human gut

Obesity alters adrenergic and chemosensory signaling pathways that regulate ghrelin secretion in the human gut

Acute glycemic and insulinemic effects of low-energy sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Effect of Meal Acceptability on Postprandial Appetite Scores and Hormones of Male Participants with Varied Adiposity

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