Food Additives from an Organic Chemistry Perspective

Shukla, Paritosh; Sharma, Akshay; Sharma, Ashok

doi:10.15406/mojboc.2017.01.00015

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Organic acids like tartaric acid, citric acid, and lactic acid are used as food additives and raw materials for medicines [21]. They are also widely used for cleaning various manufacturing facilities, as well as in industrial chemicals.…”

Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) Hydrochar from Sewage Sludge

2019

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As a treatment method of sewage sludge, the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process was adopted in this work. HTC has a great advantage considering the economic efficiency of its process operation due to its reduced energy consumption and production of solid fuel upgraded through the increased fixed carbon and heating value. The ash of sewage sludge, however, contains up to 52.55% phosphate, which degrades the efficiency of the thermochemical conversion process such as pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification by causing slagging. In this study, three kinds of organic acids, i.e., oxalic, tartaric, and citric acid, were selected to eliminate phosphorus from hydrochars produced through the HTC of sewage sludge. The efficiency of the phosphorus removal and the properties of the corresponding HTC hydrochars were analyzed by adding 20 mmoles of organic acids per 1 g of phosphorus in the HTC sample. In addition, the phosphorus reduction effect and the applicability to an upgrading process were verified. Oxalic acid was selected as the most appropriate organic acid considering the economic efficiency of its process operation. Furthermore, the optimal conditions were selected by analyzing the efficiency of the phosphorus elimination and the characteristic property of the HTC hydrochars with the weight fraction of oxalic acid.

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Section: Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) Hydrochar from Sewage Sludge

2019

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“…before extraction process to prevent the browning reaction. Citric acid was used to control the acid condition because it is an acid which is safe for food and medical application as it is listed in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Shukla et al, 2017). From the appearances, the final extracts have different colour as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Optimization Of Extraction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Curcumin Nanoparticle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb Extract by Solvent-Antisolvent Precipitation Method

2019

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A B S T R A C TCurcumin is an active compound found in temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) extract which is widely used for biomedical application. However, the utilization of curcumin is still limited due to its properties i.e. hydrophobicity, poor stability, and low water solubility. Modification of curcumin molecule and process optimization during the extraction and purification process is needed to minimize the aforementioned limitations. One of the approaches is producing curcumin in nano size. This present research aims to optimize the synthesis of curcumin nanoparticle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract using solvent-antisolvent precipitation method. Curcumin colour stability was also enhanced by controlling the pH during raw materials preparation. The obtained curcumin nanoparticle was then characterized using particle size analysis (PSA). Result showed that Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract colour could be controlled by maintaining acidic environment. At the pH of 3, yellow colour of extract was obtained, meanwhile at neutral pH, the colour of extract changed into dark brown. PSA result showed that optimum stirring condition of precipitation process was obtained using 500 rpm stirring rate for 45 minutes which resulted in curcumin nanoparticle in the size range of 164.37±3.29 nm. Thus, by controlling the pH of extract at 3 during extraction process and using optimum stirring condition at 500 rpm for 45 minutes during precipitation process, more stable and soluble curcumin was successfully produced. A B S T R A KKurkumin merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) yang banyak digunakan untuk aplikasi biomedis. Meskipun demikian, pemanfaatan kurkumin masih terbatas dikarenakan sifatnya yang hidrofobik, stabilitas yang rendah, serta kelarutan di air yang rendah. Modifikasi kurkumin serta optimisasi proses ekstraksi maupun purifikasi perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan membuat kurkumin dalam ukuran nano. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi pembuatan nanopartikel kurkumin dari ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. menggunakan metode presipitasi solven-antisolven. Stabilitas warna kurkumin dijaga dengan mengontrol pH saat persiapan bahan baku. Hasil nanopartikel kurkumin yang didapat kemudian dianalisis menggunakan particle size analysis (PSA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa warna ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. dapat dijaga pada kondisi asam. Pada pH 3, ekstrak berwarna kuning cerah sedangkan pada pH netral, warna ekstrak berubah menjadi coklat gelap. Hasil PSA menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pengadukan yang optimum pada saat proses presipitasi diperoleh menggunakan kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm selama 45 menit yang menghasilkan nanopartikel kurkumin dengan ukuran 164,37±3,29 nm. Dengan mengontrol ekstrak pada pH 3 selama proses ekstraksi dan menggunakan kondisi pengadukan optimum pada 500 rpm selama 45 menit pada proses presipitasi, kurkumin dengan stabilitas dan kelarutan yang baik dapat diperoleh.

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“…Among these organic acids detected in the fruit pulp, citric acid was the predominant. It's well know that citric acid is an acidulate and flavouring agent, naturally present in many plants, known to enhance the flavours of citrus fruits like orange and lemon (Shukla et al, 2017). Also tartaric acid was signalled as major constituent between acids components of the fruit (Enwereuzoh et al, 2015).…”

Section: Proximate Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition and mineral bioavailability of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach & Thonn.) Taub. Fruit Pulp Consumed as Spice in South-eastern Côte d‘Ivoire.

N’zebo

Ahi

Djè

et al. 2019

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and mineral bioavailability of T. tetraptera fruit pulp, an aromatic wild edible plant, using standard methods. The pulp were extracted from mature dried fruits obtained from plants at Awabo (5°30’14.2”N and 4°01’30.6”W) and Loviguié villages (5°48’24.5’’N and 4°20’15.8”W), all in south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire. The results of chemical analysis revealed that T. tetraptera fruit pulp contains carbohydrates (63.73±0.51%), crude protein (7.01±0.66%), crude fat (1.18±0.01%), ash (5.38±0.18%), fibre (11.78±0.02%), moisture (40.52±0.18%) and an energy value of 254.74±0.15 kcal/100g. Besides, the results showed a relative high amount of vitamin A (2.11±0.02%) and vitamin B9 (261.78±0.01 µg/100g) while vitamin E, B1 and B2 in trace concentration. Otherwise, the phytochemical analysis (mg/100g) based on dry weight revealed an appreciable amount of total phenol (2407.10±8.36), flavonoids (14.29±0.56), tannins (55.11±0.44), catechin (392.93±1.01) and also carotenoids (108.19±7.42 µg/100g). Organic acids profile (mg/100mL) showed citric acid (175.06±0.02) and salicylic acid (109.85±0.01) as major organic acids. Mineral composition (mg/100g) on dry weight basis revealed that potassium (1303.67±0.58) is the most abundant followed by phosphorus (303.33±5.77), calcium (187.33±0.58) and magnesium (141.33±0.57). Furthermore, the Phytates:Zn, Phytates:Ca, Oxalates:Ca and Phytates*Ca:Zn molar ratios recorded were all below than recommended threshold values, implying a bioavailability of zinc and calcium. These data indicate that the pulp of this fruit could be a good source of ingredient for both medicine and food industries in production.

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Food Additives from an Organic Chemistry Perspective

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Upgrading Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) Hydrochar from Sewage Sludge

Upgrading Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) Hydrochar from Sewage Sludge

Synthesis of Curcumin Nanoparticle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb Extract by Solvent-Antisolvent Precipitation Method

Chemical Composition and mineral bioavailability of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach & Thonn.) Taub. Fruit Pulp Consumed as Spice in South-eastern Côte d‘Ivoire.

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