Food Additives (Hypochlorous Acid Water, Sodium Metabisulfite, and Sodium Sulfite) Strongly Affect the Chemical and Biological Properties of Vitamin B₁₂ in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Food additives, such as hypochlorous acid water, sodium metabisulfite, and sodium sulfite, strongly affect the chemical and biological properties of vitamin B 12 (cyanocobalamin) in aqueous solution. When cyanocobalamin (10 μmol/L) was treated with these compounds, hypochlorous acid water (an effective chlorine concentration of 30 ppm) rapidly reacted with cyanocobalamin. The maximum absorptions at 361 and 550 nm completely disappeared by 1 h, and vitamin B 12 activity was lost. There were no significant changes observed in the absorption spectra of cyanocobalamin for 0.01% (w/v) sodium metabisulfite; however, a small amount of the reaction product was formed within 48 h, which was subsequently identified as sulfitocobalamin through high-performance liquid chromatography. Similar results were shown for sodium sulfite. The effects of these food additives on the vitamin B 12 content of red shrimp and beef meats were determined, revealing no significant difference in vitamin B 12 content of shrimp and beef meats with or without the treatment even in hypochlorous acid water. The results suggest that these food additives could not react with food vitamin B 12 in food, as most of this vitamin present in food is its protein-bound form rather than the free form.

Anticipatory surveillance for detection of Escherichia coli from fresh fruits and vegetables using DuPont BAX System

“…Furthermore, a high volume of this agent has been found to cause a significant reduction in vitamin C in vegetables. However, more research is needed to understand its effects on vitamin B 12 or other components (Kamoto et al, 2020).…”

Cross‐talk Between (Hydrogen)Sulfite and Metalloproteins: Impact on Human Health

“…Sulfite is widely used as food additives and anti‐browning, but the mechanism of sulfite with foods is not clear yet. Recent study has reported that (bi)sulfite cannot significantly alter the properties of vitamin B 12 (cyano‐cobalamin) in food, but a small amount of sulfite‐cobalamin complex is formed, indicating the interaction between sulfite and cobalt in B 12 [202] …”

“…Recent study has reported that (bi)sulfite cannot significantly alter the properties of vitamin B 12 (cyano-cobalamin) in food, but a small amount of sulfite-cobalamin complex is formed, indicating the interaction between sulfite and cobalt in B 12 . [202] Recently, (bi)sulfite is growing attention as a precursor of SO 4 *À radical for expelling MPs from water. However, metal/ (bi)sulfite system has limitation to produce the SO 4…”

Analysis of the US Safety Data for Edaravone (Radicava®) From the Third Year After Launch

“…Anaphylaxis was not reported in the phase III clinical trials in Japan where vitamin B12 is commonly used as a treatment for ALS [ 7 , 14 , 15 ]. Vitamin B12 has been used to mitigate the immediate sensitivity to bisulfite based on controlled clinical studies and trials of its effectiveness [ 16 – 18 ]. One event of anaphylaxis was reported in the pharmacovigilance safety review for the first year after edaravone (Radicava ® ) launch [ 8 ].…”