Food allergy: Trends in the development of allergen-specific immunotherapy technologies

Abstract

Relevance. Food allergy (FA) is an urgent problem for public health around the world. One of the most promising methods of FA treatment is allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT).
 Materials and methods. A search and analysis of scientific publications was carried out using resources cataloging biomedical scientific literature: PubMed and eLibrary. The review includes original studies published between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022.
 Results. The review made it possible to systematize the data accumulated over the past three years, reflecting the main trends in ASIT of food allergy. The analysis of studies showed modern approaches to oral (OIT) and epicutaneous (EPIT) immunotherapy and affected the efficacy and safety of these types of treatment. In food allergy cohorts, the ASIT approach of OIT and EPIT has been shown to be highly effective in achieving tolerance and desensitization to the food triggerIt was revealed that EPIT is characterized by a high level of adherence of patients to treatment.