Food allergy: When mucosal immunity goes wrong

Sampson, Hugh A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.11.003

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In contrast to respiratory allergens that apparently sensitize allergic patients as intact, structurally folded proteins via the respiratory mucosa, many food allergens such as milk and egg allergens become digested in the gastrointestinal tract and may sensitize in the form of unfolded polypeptides (42,43). IgE Abs of food allergic patients are therefore frequently directed against continuous and sequential epitopes also.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Structure of the Cross-Reactive Pollen Allergen Che a 3: Visualizing Cross-Reactivity on the Molecular Surfaces of Weed, Grass, and Tree Pollen Allergens

Verdino

Barderas

Villalba

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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Two EF-hand calcium-binding allergens (polcalcins) occur in the pollen of a wide variety of unrelated plants as highly cross-reactive allergenic molecules. We report the expression, purification, immunological characterization, and the 1.75-Å crystal structure of recombinant Che a 3 (rChe a 3), the polcalcin from the weed Chenopodium album. The three-dimensional structure of rChe a 3 resembles an α-helical fold that is essentially identical with that of the two EF-hand allergens from birch pollen, Bet v 4, and timothy grass pollen, Phl p 7. The extensive cross-reactivity between Che a 3 and Phl p 7 is demonstrated by competition experiments with IgE Abs from allergic patients as well as specific Ab probes. Amino acid residues that are conserved for the two EF-hand allergen family were identified in multiple sequence alignments of polcalcins from 15 different plants. Next, the three-dimensional structures of rChe a 3, rPhl p 7, and rBet v 4 were used to identify conserved amino acids with high surface exposition to visualize surface patches as potential targets for the polyclonal IgE Ab response of allergic patients. The essentially identical three-dimensional structures of rChe a 3, rPhl p 7, and rBet v 4 explain the extensive cross-reactivity of allergic patients IgE Abs with two EF-hand allergens from unrelated plants. In addition, analyzing the three-dimensional structures of cross-reactive Ags for conserved and surface exposed amino acids may be a first approach to mapping the conformational epitopes on disease-related Ags that are recognized by polyclonal patient Abs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Structure of the Cross-Reactive Pollen Allergen Che a 3: Visualizing Cross-Reactivity on the Molecular Surfaces of Weed, Grass, and Tree Pollen Allergens

Verdino

Barderas

Villalba

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

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“…On the other hand, mucosal immunity appears to play an important role in the progression of several immune diseases, and the manipulation of mucosal immunity is thought to therapeutically inhibit local and systemic inflammation [11]. It is suggested that intestinal mucosal immunity participates in the development of food allergy symptoms [12,13,14,15,16]. However, the precise pathophysiological role and the detailed immune profiles of mucosal immunity are not fully understood, particularly in the pathogenesis of food allergy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effect of Kakkonto in a Mouse Model of Food Allergy with Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Yamamoto¹,

Fujiwara²,

Yoshida³

et al. 2008

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: The number of patients with food allergy has increased dramatically over the last several decades. However, there is no effective drug for food allergies. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of kakkonto, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, in a mouse model of food allergy with gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) and then were repeatedly given OVA by oral intubation (OVA mice). Kakkonto was administered orally before the OVA challenges. Results: The OVA mice developed allergic diarrhea (91.8 ± 3.8% after 6 OVA challenges), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was dramatically elevated in the colons of the OVA mice. Kakkonto significantly suppressed the occurrence of allergic diarrhea and MPO activity in the OVA mice. Furthermore, the number of mucosal mast cells was greatly increased in the proximal colons of the OVA mice, and this was also suppressed by kakkonto. Interestingly, mRNA expression of helper T cell type 1 (Th1) cytokines (IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) were significantly upregulated in the proximal colons of the OVA mice, an effect which was also reduced by kakkonto. Transcriptome analysis detected increased mRNA expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in the proximal colons of OVA mice, which was decreased by kakkonto administration. Conclusion: Kakkonto has immunosuppressive effects and interferes with the infiltration of mucosal mast cells in the colons of mice with induced food allergy, leading to improvement of allergic symptoms. Kakkonto has potential as a therapeutic drug for treatment of allergic symptoms induced by the disruption of intestinal mucosal immunity.

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“…[1][2][3][4] Exposure to peanut is ubiquitous. Sensitization, with or without subsequent development of clinically apparent peanut allergy, has increased in prevalence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human subjects without peanut allergy demonstrate T cell–dependent, TH2-biased, peanut-specific cytokine and chemokine responses independent of TH1 expression

Thottingal

Stefura

Simons

et al. 2006

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Food allergy: When mucosal immunity goes wrong

Cited by 44 publications

References 32 publications

Three-Dimensional Structure of the Cross-Reactive Pollen Allergen Che a 3: Visualizing Cross-Reactivity on the Molecular Surfaces of Weed, Grass, and Tree Pollen Allergens

Three-Dimensional Structure of the Cross-Reactive Pollen Allergen Che a 3: Visualizing Cross-Reactivity on the Molecular Surfaces of Weed, Grass, and Tree Pollen Allergens

Therapeutic Effect of Kakkonto in a Mouse Model of Food Allergy with Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Human subjects without peanut allergy demonstrate T cell–dependent, TH2-biased, peanut-specific cytokine and chemokine responses independent of TH1 expression

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