Food and Agricultural Trade Sanctions

Peterson, E. Wesley F.; Haugen, Kiersten

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_561-1

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For GTAP 9, 105 IOTs did not contain all 57 sectors and required disaggregation, of which 74 required agricultural disaggregation and 102 required disaggregation of non-agricultural sectors. Disaggregation of agricultural and food sectors draws on a dataset constructed from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) data and previously contributed IOTs (Peterson, 2016). This dataset is constructed by regressing IOTs coefficients of agricultural and food sectors for the countries that have full agricultural disaggregation in their contributed IOTs, against production, consumption and trade from the FAO dataset.…”

Section: Summary Of the Construction Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the GTAP 9 Data Base

Aguiar

Narayanan

McDougall

2016

JGEA

489

335

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This paper provides an overview of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Data Base and its latest release, version 9. The GTAP Data Base has been used in thousands of economy-wide analyses over the past twenty-five years. While initially focused on supporting trade policy analysis, the addition of satellite accounts pertaining to greenhouse gas emissions and land use has resulted in a surge of applications relating to climate change as well as other environmental issues. The Data Base comprises an exhaustive set of accounts measuring the value of annual flows of goods and services with regional and sectoral detail for the entire world economy. These flows include bilateral trade, transport, and protection matrices that link individual country/regional economic datasets. Version 9 disaggregates 140 regions, 57 sectors, 8 factors of production, for 3 base years (2004, 2007 and 2011). The great success enjoyed by this Data Base stems from the collaboration efforts by many parties interested in improving the quality of economic analysis of global policy issues related to trade, economic development, energy and the environment.

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Section: Summary Of the Construction Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the GTAP 9 Data Base

Aguiar

Narayanan

McDougall

2016

JGEA

489

335

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…3 Furthermore, many questioned the effectiveness of comprehensive sanctions in impacting the behavior of the offending foreign governments (Weiss, 1999;Gordon, 2011;Boomen, 2014). 4 At the same time, the expansion of restrictions on food and agricultural exports alarmed farm groups and agribusiness who responded by lobbying the US government to exclude agri-food products from economic sanctions to protect their financial interest (HCA, 1998;Peterson and Haugen, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While targeted sanctions are designed to lessen the ethical and humanitarian harm, they may still impact food and medicine trade because financial, insurance, and transportation restriction create difficulties for the exporters of such products to conduct business in sanctioned countries. 5 While scholars agree that comprehensive sanctions are both unethical and ineffective, no consensus exists on the ethics or effectiveness of targeted sanctions (Peterson and Haugen, 2016). However, the connection between agricultural commodities and humanitarian concerns have been integral in shaping how economic sanctions are implemented throughout the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 For example, in the 1990s, comprehensive sanctions were imposed on Iraq, Haiti, and Yugoslavia.3 Comprehensive economic sanctions are permitted under international law. As a result, scholars have argued the ethics and legality of these sanctions under human rights law, international humanitarian law, or the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements(Peterson and Haugen, 2016). Within WTO, the Security Exception allows member countries to implementing sanctions that violate the Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment for reasons on national security (WTO, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Within WTO, the Security Exception allows member countries to implementing sanctions that violate the Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment for reasons on national security (WTO, 2021). Also, WTO rules do not apply to nonmember states, and targeted sanctions against non-state terrorist groups do not violate WTO agreements.4 SeePeterson and Haugen (2016) for a review of the extensive literature on the ethical, legal, and effectiveness of sanctions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Economic Sanctions and Agricultural Trade

2021

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Unilateral economic sanctions and food security

Ray,

Siddiqui

2023

JITLP

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Purpose This paper aims to highlight the lacunae in international trade law concerning unilateral economic sanctions that impact food security. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a literature review to establish that unilateral economic sanctions impact food security and a descriptive assessment of a few such sanctions. Thereafter, it adopts doctrinal analysis of such sanctions under World Trade Organization law and identifies the gaps to address the specific situation of unilateral economic sanctions that impact food security. Findings Unilateral economic sanctions are not effectively regulated under international law. Unilateral economic sanctions are known to impact food security not just in the targeted country but also in third countries. Under international trade law, the security exception under Article XXI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) does not currently require an assessment of necessity and proportionality of measure. However, there is scope for such an assessment in the future depending on the circumstances, particularly if a measure impacts the rights and interests of third countries by impacting global food security. Originality/value The paper conducts a literature review of the impact of unilateral economic sanctions on food security. It highlights the gap in the interpretation of GATT Article XXI when assessing such sanctions that adversely impact the food security of third countries. The paper may be helpful for academics, policymakers, international organizations, non-governmental organisations, etc.

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Food and Agricultural Trade Sanctions

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

An Overview of the GTAP 9 Data Base

An Overview of the GTAP 9 Data Base

Economic Sanctions and Agricultural Trade

Unilateral economic sanctions and food security

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