Food and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Jeong, Min Kyo; Min, Byeong Hyun; Choi, Ye Rin; Hyun, Ji Ye; Park, Hyojin; Eom, Jung A; Won, Sung Min; Jeong, Jin‐Ju; Oh, Ki‐Kwang; Gupta, Haripriya; Ganesan, Raja; Sharma, Satya Priya; Yoon, Sang Jun; Choi, Mi Ran; Kim, Dong Joon; Suk, Ki Tae

doi:10.3390/foods11172703

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Several studies have reported the composition MASH, as it shows strong positive correlations with the metabolites deoxycholic acid, D-pinitol, choline, raffinose, and stachyose (25) . The latter two metabolites include glucose and fructose, both sugars that have been associated with increased inflammation and liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD in excess (25,27) . In addition, the increase in Bacteroides promotes a decrease in fecal short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, which are products of bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates associated with various beneficial effects on the organism and may be detrimental to MASLD (25,26,28) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Gut Microbiota in Alcoholic and Metabolic-Dysfuncion Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Animal Models

PERLIN,

LONGO,

THOEN

et al. 2024

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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Background: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are common, and gut microbiota (GM) is involved with both. Here we compared GM composition in animal models of MASLD and ALD to assess whether there are specific patterns for each disease. Methods: MASLD model- adult male Sprague Dawley rats, randomized into two groups: MASLD-control (n=10) fed a standard diet; MASLD-group (n=10) fed a high-fat-choline-deficient diet for 16 weeks. ALD model- adult male Wistar rats randomized: ALD-control (n=8) fed a standard diet and water+0.05% saccharin, ALD groups fed with sunflower seed and 10% ethanol+0.05% saccharin for 4 or 8 weeks (ALC4, n=8; ALC8, n=8). ALC4/8 on the last day received alcoholic binge (5g/kg of ethanol). Afterwards, animals were euthanized, and feces were collected for GM analysis. Results: Both experimental models induced typical histopathological features of the diseases. Alpha diversity was lower in MASLD compared with ALD (p<0.001), and structural pattern was different between them (P<0.001). Bacteroidetes (55.7%), Firmicutes (40.6%), and Proteobacteria (1.4%) were the most prevalent phyla in all samples, although differentially abundant among groups. ALC8 had a greater abundance of the phyla Cyanobacteria (5.3%) and Verrucomicrobiota (3.2%) in relation to the others. Differential abundance analysis identified Lactobacillaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Turicibacter associated with ALC4 and the Clostridia_UCG_014_ge and Gastranaerophilales_ge genera to ALC8. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that the structural pattern of the GM differs significantly between MASLD and ALD models. Studies are needed to characterize the microbiota and metabolome in both clinical conditions to find new therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Gut Microbiota in Alcoholic and Metabolic-Dysfuncion Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Animal Models

PERLIN,

LONGO,

THOEN

et al. 2024

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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“…Alterations of intestinal microbiota composition have repeatedly been discussed to be associated with impairments of intestinal barrier function and an increased translocation of PAMPs like bacterial endotoxin [ 75 ]. Furthermore, results of studies in rats and mice suggest that a chronic intake of fructose-rich diets either feeding fructose alone or in combination with a high-fat diet is associated with marked changes in the relative abundance of several bacterial families and species in feces [ 76 , 77 ]. Specifically, results of several studies suggest that a chronic intake of a fructose-rich chow or drinking solution results in a decrease in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in feces of rats [ 78 , 79 ].…”

Section: Fructose Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose: a modulator of intestinal barrier function and hepatic health?

Staltner,

Burger,

Baumann

et al. 2023

Eur J Nutr

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Purpose Consumption of fructose has repeatedly been discussed to be a key factor in the development of health disturbances such as hypertension, diabetes type 2, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite intense research efforts, the question if and how high dietary fructose intake interferes with human health has not yet been fully answered. Results Studies suggest that besides its insulin-independent metabolism dietary fructose may also impact intestinal homeostasis and barrier function. Indeed, it has been suggested by the results of human and animal as well as in vitro studies that fructose enriched diets may alter intestinal microbiota composition. Furthermore, studies have also shown that both acute and chronic intake of fructose may lead to an increased formation of nitric oxide and a loss of tight junction proteins in small intestinal tissue. These alterations have been related to an increased translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like bacterial endotoxin and an induction of dependent signaling cascades in the liver but also other tissues. Conclusion In the present narrative review, results of studies assessing the effects of fructose on intestinal barrier function and their impact on the development of health disturbances with a particular focus on the liver are summarized and discussed.

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Inulin Supplementation Modulates the Hepatic Transcriptome, Metabolome, and Ferritin Content in Ovariectomized Rats

Zhao,

He,

Jakobsen

et al. 2023

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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ScopeLiver is an important metabolic organ regulating whole‐body homeostasis. This study aims to investigate how prebiotic‐induced changes in the metabolic activity of the gut microbiome (GM) and dietary calcium depletion modulates the hepatic metabolome and transcriptome.Methods and resultsThe serum metabolome, liver metabolome, and transcriptome are determined on samples from ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed a control diet (Control, n = 7), a control diet supplemented with 5% w/w inulin (Inulin, n = 7), or a calcium‐deficient diet (CaDef, n = 7). Inulin fortification is associated with higher serum concentrations of acetate, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, and reduced concentration of dimethyl sulfone, revealing that changes in the metabolic activity of the GM are reflected in circulating metabolites. Metabolomics also reveal that the inulin‐fortified diet results in lower concentrations of hepatic glutamate, serine, and hypoxanthine while transcriptomics reveal accompanying effects on the hepatic expression of ferric iron binding‐related genes. Inulin fortification also induces effects on the hepatic expression of genes involved in olfactory transduction, suggesting that prebiotics regulate liver function through yet unidentified mechanisms involving olfactory receptors.ConclusionInulin ingestion impacts hepatic gene expression and is associated with an upregulation of ferritin synthesis‐related genes and liver ferritin content.

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Food and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 154 publications

Comparison of Gut Microbiota in Alcoholic and Metabolic-Dysfuncion Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Animal Models

Comparison of Gut Microbiota in Alcoholic and Metabolic-Dysfuncion Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Animal Models

Fructose: a modulator of intestinal barrier function and hepatic health?

Inulin Supplementation Modulates the Hepatic Transcriptome, Metabolome, and Ferritin Content in Ovariectomized Rats

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