Food and nutrient intake in East and West Germany, 8 years after the reunification—The German Nutrition Survey 1998

Mensink, Gert; Beitz, Roma

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601923

Cited by 79 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…National dietary surveys from Austria (Elmadfa et al, 2009a), France (Afssa, 2009), Germany (Mensink and Beitz, 2004), Hungary (Bíró et al, 2007), Ireland (IUNA, 2011) and the UK (Henderson et al, 2003) reported mean daily intake estimates for manganese ranging from 2.5 to 6.6 mg in men and from 2.0 to 5.5 mg in women, with most values around 3 mg/day.…”

Section: Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for manganese

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2013

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for manganese. Manganese is an essential dietary mineral which is a component of a number of metalloenzymes involved in amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. A specific manganese deficiency syndrome has not been described in humans. The body is able to adapt to a wide range of manganese intakes by regulating both efficiency of absorption in the intestine and the quantity excreted via bile. There are no reliable and validated biomarkers of manganese intake or status and data on manganese intakes versus health outcomes are not available for DRVs for manganese. As there is insufficient evidence available to derive an average requirement or a population reference intake, an Adequate Intake (AI) is proposed. Mean intakes of manganese in adults in the EU are around 3 mg/day. In addition, null or positive balances have consistently been observed with intakes of manganese above 2.5 mg/day. An AI of 3 mg/day is proposed for adults, including pregnant and lactating women. For infants aged from 7 to 11 months, an AI of 0.02-0.5 mg/day is proposed, which reflects the wide range of manganese intakes that appear to be adequate for this age group. The AI for children and adolescents is based on extrapolation from the adult AI using isometric scaling and reference body weights of the respective age groups. Manganese is an essential dietary element for mammals. It is a component of metalloenzymes such as superoxide dismutase, arginase and pyruvate carboxylase, and is involved in amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. A specific manganese deficiency syndrome has not been described in humans.Absorption of manganese in the intestine is low (< 10 %). Regulation at the level of absorption appears to be one of the adaptive responses to dietary manganese intake and such regulation allows manganese homeostasis to be maintained over a wide range of intakes. A reduction in the biological half-life of manganese has been observed with increased dietary manganese intakes indicating the role of whole-body turnover rate in manganese homeostasis. Elimination of manganese is primarily via the faeces.The assessment of manganese intake or status using biological markers is difficult owing to the rapid excretion of manganese into bile, to homeostatic mechanisms and to the lack of sensitivity of biomarkers over the normal range of intakes. Therefore, there are no reliable and validated biomarkers of manganese intake or status.Nuts, chocolate, cereal-based products, crustaceans and molluscs, pulses, and fruits and fruit products are rich sources of manganese. The main contributors to the manganese intake of adults are cerealbased products, vegetables, fruits and fruit products and beverages. In the EU, estimated mean manganese intakes of adults range from 2 to 6 mg/day, with a majority of values around 3 mg/day. Estimated mean manganese intakes range from 1.5 to 3.5 mg/day in ...

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Section: Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for manganese

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2013

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“…The response rate was 61.4% (Bellach et al, 1998;Thefeld et al, 1999). The sampling procedure has been previously described in detail (Mensink and Beitz, 2004). The present analysis is based on a random subsample of 2267 women and 1763 men who also participated in an extended dietary assessment, the German Nutrition Survey 1998.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an exception, we attempted to cover the largest possible proportion of women of childbearing age assuring a sufficient number of participants for the allied folic acid study. To correct for this disproportionality as well as for discrepancies due to nonresponse and noncoverage between the net sample and the situation of the German population according to age, gender, community size and residence in West or East Germany in 1998, a weighting factor was computed (Mensink and Beitz, 2004). Surveys were approved by the federal data protection office.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D status and health correlates among German adults

et al. 2007

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Objective: To analyze vitamin D status based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) measurements, its determinants and health correlates in a representative sample of German adults. Subjects: A total of 1763 men and 2267 women, 18-to 79-year old, who participated in the representative German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 and the integrated German Nutrition Survey. Results: The median vitamin D intake from both diet and supplements did not meet the recommended level of 5 mg/day, in either men (2.8 mg/day) or women (2.3 mg/day). Altogether 80.9% of men and 88.5% of women had vitamin D intakes below this level. Moderate (12.5-25 nmol/l serum 25OHD levels) and mild (25-50 nmol/l) vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in the adult population in Germany, even in younger age groups. Overall, 57% of men and 58% of women had vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/l. Among 65-to 79-year-old women, the proportion amounted to 75%, even during the sunnier half of the year. In sexspecific multiple linear regression models, independent determinants of serum 25OHD levels consistently included season, vitamin D intake from both diet and supplements, physical activity and living in a partnership. In addition, age and current menopausal hormone use contributed to the model among women, as opposed to time of day of blood sampling and body mass index (marginally) among men. Significantly lower serum 25OHD levels were observed in women with hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and noninsulin-treated diabetes mellitus as well as in men with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus compared with nonaffected participants. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is a public health issue in Germany. We identified a number of determinants with potential for primary prevention of vitamin D deficiency. Risk and benefits of preventive actions need to be examined in further studies.

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“…It is reported that calcium content in drinking water is positively related to systolic blood pressure and has also served as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. 7 In 1999, Yang and Chiu documented that there is a significant protective effect of magnesium intake from drinking water on the risk of hypertension, 8 which leads to the speculation that magnesium plays an important role in blood pressure regulation. The potential mechanisms for magnesium to lower blood pressure might be (a) the dilatation of renal vessels; (b) the acceleration of prostaglandin release; (c) the stimulation of sodium pumping and adenosine kinase, which is increased in case of magnesium loss; (d) the regulation by renin of magnesium can make the blood vessels constricted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area epidemiological research on hypertension risk factors of Keriyans in the Taklimakan Desert

Cao

Cheng

Chen

et al. 2014

J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst

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Introduction: The Keriyans live in the hot, arid areas of Taklimakan Desert and maintain a primitive way of life. They have a low incidence of hypertension. However, little is known about the adaptive compensation in the organism. In the present study, we explored the the traditional risk factors of hypertension in the Keriyans. Materials and methods:We performed an epidemiological survey of Keriyans in a randomly selected natural population including 508 individuals aged 16 years or more, using the WHO MONICA scheme and 151 randomly selected age/ gender-matched controls, Uighurs, from the nearest villagers to the Keriyans. Results: The incidence of hypertension in the Keriyans was significantly lower than that in the controls(p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, hyperglycemia and salt consumption as well as sodium intake in diet were associated with traditional hypertension risk factors. Correlation between water quality and hypertension showed that calcium was positively associated with the detection rate of hypertension. Conclusions: Age, hyperglycemia and salt consumption as well as sodium intake in diet were correlated with hypertension risk factors, which leads to the speculation that the water of the desert draught area which is characterized by low calcium and high magnesium levels might account for the low incidence of hypertension in Keriyans.

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Food and nutrient intake in East and West Germany, 8 years after the reunification—The German Nutrition Survey 1998

Cited by 79 publications

References 7 publications

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for manganese

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for manganese

Vitamin D status and health correlates among German adults

Area epidemiological research on hypertension risk factors of Keriyans in the Taklimakan Desert

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