Food and the prison environment: a meta-ethnography of global first-hand experiences of food, meals and eating in custody

Abstract

Background Prison foodways offer a unique opportunity to improve the physical and mental health and wellbeing of an underserved population, yet prison food is often rejected in favour of ‘junk’ food. Improved understanding of the meanings of food in prison is necessary to inform prison food policy and enhance the prison environment. Results A meta-ethnographic synthesis of 27 papers integrated first-hand experiences of food in prison from 10 different countries. The lived experience for most in custody is of poor-quality prison-issued meals, necessarily consumed at a time and place at odds with socio-cultural norms. Beyond nutrition, food carries clear symbolic meanings in prison; through everyday food activities in prison, especially cooking, empowerment, participation, agency and identity are negotiated and performed. Cooking (with others or alone) can reduce anxiety and depression and increase feelings of self-efficacy and resilience in a socially, psychologically, and financially disadvantaged population. Integrating cooking and sharing food into the routine of prison life strengthens the skills and resources available to prisoners, empowering them as they move from the prison environment to the community. Conclusions The potential of food to enhance the prison environment and support improvements in prisoner health and wellbeing is limited when the nutritional content is inadequate and/or where food is served and eaten impacts negatively on human dignity. Prison policy which provides opportunities for cooking and sharing food that better reflects familial and cultural identity has the potential to improve relationships, increase self-esteem, build and maintain life skills needed for reintegration.

What are the key influences and challenges around weight management faced by patients in UK adult secure mental health settings? A focused ethnographic approach

“… 12 13 Ethnography has been used successfully in secure mental health environments, 14 and to examine food-related behaviours in other closed settings such as care homes for older people 15 and prisons. 16 However, the use of ethnography as a tool to explore weight management in secure settings is novel. Focused ethnography provides an applied and pragmatic approach, with particular value for studying specific phenomena as they take place in everyday life.…”

Is prison food really food?

“…We read the recent article ‘Food and the prison environment’ (Woods-Brown et al, 2023 ) with interest. The authors should be commended for synthesizing international research to strengthen their argument that the prison food environment, including food quality and culinary skills, has the potential to improve health within institutions, and beyond.…”