Food and Water Restriction Shifts Corticosterone, Temperature, Activity and Brain Amine Periodicity

Krieger, Dorothy T.

doi:10.1210/endo-95-5-1195

Cited by 386 publications

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“…66(10): 1297-1300, 2004 It is well established that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the predominant circadian oscillators in mammals. When rats are restricted to a single feeding time for several hours at a fixed time every day, they begin to show an anticipatory reaction before the time of feeding [2,7,11]. The anticipatory reactions involve increases in locomotor activity, plasma corticosterone level, body temperature, and enzyme activity of the digestive organ.…”

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“…Lesioning the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) only temporarily abolished the anticipatory increase in plasma corticosterone levels and body temperature [10,13]. In addition, foodanticipatory activity persisted after olfactory bulb ablation [5], and in hypophysectomized rats with SCN lesions [7]. Recently, Davidson et al found that feeding-entrained circadian rhythms are attenuated by lesioning the parabrachial region in rats [4].…”

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Involvement of Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in the Anticipatory Reaction under Food Restriction in the Rat

Nakahara

Fukui

Murakami

2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To investigate which brain regions are involved in the anticipatory activity in rats restricted feeding for 2 hr, we examined cFos expression before and after feeding. Only the thalamic paraventricular nucleus (tPVN) showed c-Fos expression before feeding than after feeding. After the anticipatory locomotor activity rhythm was established, lesioning the tPVN attenuated this rhythm, but not the light-dark entrained rhythm. The anticipatory increase of blood corticosterone levels was not established in long-term tPVN-lesioned rats. These results suggest that the tPVN is involved in the expression of anticipatory reactions under a food-restricted regimen. KEY WORDS: circadian rhythm, food restriction, suprachiasmatic nucleus.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(10): 1297-1300, 2004 It is well established that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the predominant circadian oscillators in mammals. When rats are restricted to a single feeding time for several hours at a fixed time every day, they begin to show an anticipatory reaction before the time of feeding [2,7,11]. The anticipatory reactions involve increases in locomotor activity, plasma corticosterone level, body temperature, and enzyme activity of the digestive organ. These anticipatory behaviors and their underlying physiologies are not erased by lesioning the SCN, suggesting the existence of a timekeeping oscillator other than the SCN under a restrictedfeeding regimen [9].There have been many investigations into the location of the oscillator of the anticipatory reaction. Lesioning the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) only temporarily abolished the anticipatory increase in plasma corticosterone levels and body temperature [10,13]. In addition, foodanticipatory activity persisted after olfactory bulb ablation [5], and in hypophysectomized rats with SCN lesions [7]. Recently, Davidson et al. found that feeding-entrained circadian rhythms are attenuated by lesioning the parabrachial region in rats [4]. On the other hand, expression of mPer1 and mPer2 (which are mouse period genes) is associated with food entrainment rhythms in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), cerebral cortex, pyriform cortex, hippocampus, and stratum, but not the SCN [19]. In our preliminary experiment, however, lesioning the hypothalamic PVN did not completely attenuate the food-restriction-induced anticipatory locomotor activity. This suggests that even if the expression of mPer1 and mPer2 is associated with the food entrainment rhythm in hypothalamic PVN, this nucleus may not be the oscillator for the anticipatory reaction under a restricted-feeding regimen.The neuronal activity of the oscillator involved in the anticipatory reaction may change between before and after a restricted feeding time, and hence c-Fos expression was compared at these two times as well as during a free-feeding regimen. c-Fos expression were used to establish activated neural populations. We then lesioned the candidate regions to examine whether or not this attenuated the anticipatory reaction.Six-week-old Wi...

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Involvement of Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in the Anticipatory Reaction under Food Restriction in the Rat

Nakahara

Fukui

Murakami

2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…It is known that circadian rhythms can persist even though only a small portion of the nuclei remains unlesioned (Robbins and Stephan, 1983). Second, the waveform of the corticosterone rhythm is subject to many external factors, including stress and feeding (Krieger, 1974) and it is unclear precisely what role the SCN play in the generation of this rhythm (Rusak and Zucker, 1979). Third, in all but 1 case, lesioned dams were cesarean-sectioned and the pups were reared by intact foster mothers.…”

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Maternal suprachiasmatic nuclei are necessary for maternal coordination of the developing circadian system

Reppert¹,

Schwartz²

1986

J. Neurosci.

150

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During late fetal and early neonatal life, the maternal circadian system coordinates the timing of a circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) to the prevailing lightdark cycle, The role of the maternal SCN in the process of maternal coordination was investigated in rats. Complete lesions of the maternal SCN on day 7 of gestation disrupted rhythms of SCN glucose utilization in fetuses and pineal IV-acetyltransferase activity in lo-d-old pups. This disruption was probably due to the desynchronization of individually oscillating fetal SCN, because individual pups born to and reared by SCN-lesioned dams under constant conditions exhibited normal circadian rhythms in drinking behavior. Cross-foster studies showed that the maternal circadian system can coordinate developing circadian rhythmicity during either the pre-or postnatal period. The results indicate that the maternal SCN are a necessary component of the mechanism of maternal coordination during both the pre-and postnatal periods.In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus contain a circadian pacemaker (biological clock) that controls the rhythmic expression ofnumerous physiological processes (Moore, 1983;Rusak and Zucker, 1979). The daily light-dark cycle entrains the SCN pacemaker to the 24 hr day primarily through a monosynaptic retinohypothalamic pathway to the nuclei (Moore, 198 1).We recently used the '%-labeled deoxyglucose (dG) autoradiographic method to examine the functional activity of the SCN clock during fetal development. The results of our dG experiments in rats show that the SCN are already oscillating during late prenatal life Schwartz, 1983, 1984); the fetal nuclei manifest a daily rhythm of glucose utilization (energy metabolism) with high activity during the day and low activity at night. We also showed that the fetal SCN are not directly synchronized by light that penetrates the maternal abdomen and uterus. Instead, it is the maternal circadian system that coordinates the timing (phase) ofthe fetal SCN to prevailing lighting conditions. The maternal circadian system continues to coordinate the developing circadian system during the early postnatal period (Reppert, 1985). Maternal coordination wanes after the first week of life Takahashi and Deguchi, 1983) as the neonatal rat begins to respond to light directly through its own retinohypothalamic pathway (Reppert, 1984).Received Nov. 7, 1985; revised Feb. 18, 1986; accepted Feb. 20, 1986. We thank Robert Coleman, Matthew Morton, and Mark Banister for technical assistance, and Dr. The present studies were designed to examine the role of the maternal SCN in the mechanism of maternal coordination. For these studies, lesions of the maternal nuclei were performed on day 7 of gestation, and the subsequent effects on 3 parameters of circadian development in the offspring were monitored, SCN glucose utilization was examined during prenatal life, while pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and drinking behavior were monitored during the postn...

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“…This is also true of the effects of feeding rhythms (Johnson and Levine, 1973 ;Krieger, 1974 ;Moberg et al, 1975 ;Krieger et al, 1977 ;Obled et al, 1977 ;Takahashi et al, 1977 ;Morimoto et al, 1979 ;Itoh et al, 1980 ;Kato et al, 1980 ;Miyabo et al, 1980). Periodic food distribution has often been utilized in rats as a biological entrainer.…”

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Influence of photoperiod on the time of birth in the rat. IV. Effects of an imposed feeding rhythm

Bosc¹,

Nicolle²

1985

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Food and Water Restriction Shifts Corticosterone, Temperature, Activity and Brain Amine Periodicity

Cited by 386 publications

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Involvement of Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in the Anticipatory Reaction under Food Restriction in the Rat

Involvement of Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in the Anticipatory Reaction under Food Restriction in the Rat

Maternal suprachiasmatic nuclei are necessary for maternal coordination of the developing circadian system

Influence of photoperiod on the time of birth in the rat. IV. Effects of an imposed feeding rhythm

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