Food as a Driver of a Cholera Epidemic in Jijiga, Ethiopia—June 2017

Davis, William W.; Yusuf, Mohammad; Abdilahi, Ismail; Kim, Sun Kyung; Salah, Ali Abdi; McAteer, Jarred B.; Abayneh, Aschalew; Moges, Beyene; Gallagher, Kathleen; Mintz, Eric D.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.22-0734

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…In a recent study of a cholera outbreak in Jigjiga, people had a higher risk of cholera infection if they consumed unrefrigerated food, dined in commercial restaurants or purchased food from street vendors. 57 A study on the outbreak of cholera in Addis Ababa found the consumption of raw vegetables to be a risk factor for cholera infection. 55 Food service workers mostly report good knowledge of safe food handling and hygiene practices, but they lack adequate water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure.…”

Section: Lack Of Food Safety Infrastructure Regulation and Enforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Considerations: Social, Structural and Community Dynamics of Cholera Transmission and Mortality in Ethiopia

Carruth

2024

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The current cholera outbreak in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia began in August 2022. As of April 2024, active outbreaks had been recorded in most regions of the country, including: Amhara; Dire Dawa; Harari; Oromia; Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR); Somali and Tigray. This brief has been developed to support response efforts by exploring the social and structural determinants and community dynamics of cholera infection and mortality in Ethiopia. Socio-cultural and epidemiological information, academic and grey literature and consultations with cholera response experts in Ethiopia have been used to develop the brief.

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Section: Lack Of Food Safety Infrastructure Regulation and Enforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Considerations: Social, Structural and Community Dynamics of Cholera Transmission and Mortality in Ethiopia

Carruth

2024

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Spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera epidemics in Ethiopia: 2015–2021

Moore,

Worku Demlie,

Muluneh

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Since the onset of the seventh cholera pandemic, Ethiopia has been affected by recurrent epidemics. However, the epidemiology of cholera in this country remains poorly understood. This study aimed to describe cholera outbreak characteristics in Ethiopia from 2015 to 2021. During this period, Ethiopia experienced four epidemic waves. The first wave involved nationwide outbreaks during the second half of 2016 followed by outbreaks predominantly affecting Somali Region in 2017. The second wave primarily affected Tigray and Afar Regions. During the third wave, multiple smaller-scale outbreaks occurred during 2019. The fourth wave was limited to Bale Zone (Oromia Region) in 2021. Overall, a north to south shift was observed over the course of the study period. Major cholera transmission factors included limited access to safe water and sanitation facilities. Severe weather events (drought and flooding) appear to aggravate cholera diffusion. Cholera transmission between Ethiopia and nearby countries (Kenya and Somalia), likely plays a major role in regional cholera dynamics. Overall, this study provides the first understanding of recent spatiotemporal cholera dynamics in Ethiopia to inform cholera control and elimination strategies.

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Investigation of an optimal control strategy for a cholera disease transmission model with programs

Alemneh,

Teklu,

Kotola

et al. 2024

Front. Appl. Math. Stat.

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Cholera is a disease of poverty affecting people with inadequate access to safe water and basic sanitation. Conflict, unplanned urbanization and climate change all increase the risk of cholera. In this article, an optimal control deterministic mathematical model of cholera disease with cost-effectiveness analysis is developed and analyzed considering both direct and indirect contact transmission pathways. The model qualitative behaviors, such as the invariant region, the existence of a positive invariant solution, the two equilibrium points (disease-free and endemic equilibrium), and their stabilities (local as well as global stability) of the model are studied. Moreover, the basic reproduction number of the model is obtained. We also performed sensitivity analysis of the basic parameters of the model. Then an optimal control problem is designed with a control functional having five controls: vaccination, treatment, environment sanitation and personal hygiene, and water quality improvement program. We examined the existence and uniqueness of the optimal controls of the system. Through the implementation of Pontryagin's maximum principle, the characterization of the optimal controls optimality system is established. The numerical simulation results the integrated control strategies demonstrated that strategy 2, 7, and 12 are effective programs to combat cholera disease from the community. Based on the local circumstances, available funds, and resources, it is recommended to the government stakeholders and policymakers to execute any one of the three integrated intervention programs.

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Food as a Driver of a Cholera Epidemic in Jijiga, Ethiopia—June 2017

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Key Considerations: Social, Structural and Community Dynamics of Cholera Transmission and Mortality in Ethiopia

Key Considerations: Social, Structural and Community Dynamics of Cholera Transmission and Mortality in Ethiopia

Spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera epidemics in Ethiopia: 2015–2021

Investigation of an optimal control strategy for a cholera disease transmission model with programs

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