Food As A Limit On Breeding Birds: A Life-History Perspective

Martin, Thomas E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.453

Cited by 567 publications

(794 citation statements)

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“…The experimental evidence from a number of altricial passerines clearly demonstrates that the young are food limited because parents are limited in the quantity of food that they can supply relative to the energy demands of nestlings (Martin 1987). In forest-interior passerines, the loss of forest area may lead to chronic food shortage and consequently lowered breeding performance (Burke & Nol 1998;Zanette et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of forest patch size on physiological stress and immunocompetence in an area-sensitive passerine, the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris): an experiment

Suorsa

Helle

Koivunen

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

110

104

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We manipulated the primary brood size of Eurasian treecreepers (Certhia familiaris) breeding in different sized forest patches (0.5-12.8 ha) in moderately fragmented landscapes. We examined the effects of brood size manipulation (reduced, control, enlarged) and forest patch size on physiological stress (heterophillymphocyte ratios; H/L), body condition and cell-mediated immunocompetence (phytohaemagglutinin test). Nestlings' H/L ratios were negatively related to forest patch area in control and enlarged broods, whereas no effects were found in reduced broods. The effects of forest patch area were strongest in enlarged broods, which had, in general, twofold higher H/L ratios than control and reduced broods. The elevated H/L ratios were positively related to nestling mortality and negatively correlated with bodycondition indices suggesting that the origin of stress in nestlings was mainly nutritional. Cell-mediated immunity of nestlings was not related to brood manipulation or to forest patch size. Also, the H/L ratios of adults were not related to brood manipulation or forest patch size. In addition, parental H/L ratios and body condition were not related to nestling H/L ratios. Our results suggest that during the breeding period the deleterious effects of habitat loss are seen explicitly in growing young.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of forest patch size on physiological stress and immunocompetence in an area-sensitive passerine, the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris): an experiment

Suorsa

Helle

Koivunen

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

110

104

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“…Portanto, o período de incubação registrado por nós está dentro do esperado para um tiranídeo insetívoro tropical. Períodos curtos de incubação e crescimento de filhotes são benéficos por diminuir o tempo de exposição do ninho à predação em ambos os períodos (Martin 1987). No entanto, sair cedo demais do ninho também pode expor os filhotes à predação, uma vez que o curto período de tempo no ninho pode não proporcionar um desenvolvimento suficiente para o vôo e o conseqüente escape dos predadores.…”

Section: Determinação Do Período De Incubação E De Ninhegosunclassified

Biologia reprodutiva de Tyrannus savana (Aves, Tyrannidae) em cerrado do Brasil Central

et al. 2009

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Abstract:The Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana (Tyrannidae) is a migratory passerine that occurs in central Brazil between August and February. Its breeding biology is still little known, and this study reports data on breeding season, incubation and nestling periods, nest and egg characteristics, nest success and predation rate. We searched for nests at "Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas" (ESECAE) and its surroundings, Distrito Federal, Brazil, in the breeding seasons of 2002 to 2007. We monitored 78 nests each 2-4 days. Breeding season started in late September and lasted until mid December. Incubation lasted 13.6 ± 0.4 days (n = 21) (mean ± SE) and nestling period lasted 15 ± 0.4 days (n = 27). Most nests (n = 39) were found in "cerrado ralo" vegetation and were built on plants of the genus Kielmeyera. Clutch size ranged from 1 to 3 eggs, with an average of 2.5 ± 0.3 eggs. Egg length and width averaged 22.2 ± 0.2 mm and 15.8 ± 0.1 mm (n = 6), respectively, and the average weight was 3.0 ± 0.2 g (n = 5). Thirty (52.5%) nests were successful, 24 (43.9%) were predated and only two (3.7%) were abandoned. Egg success was 39.2 ± 1.4% and mean hatching rate was 0.6 ± 0.2 fledglings/egg. Overall productivity was 1.0 ± 0.3 fledglings per nest, and fecundity rate was 1.4 ± 0.4 fledglings per female. Nest success (Mayfield method) was 45.9% ± 1.1, with no significant difference between the average daily survival rate between egg and nestling periods. Several of the estimated parameters for T. savana revealed to be different than expected for a tropical flycatcher. Resumo: A tesourinha Tyrannus savana é um Passeriforme (Tyrannidae) migratório que ocorre no Planalto central entre os meses de agosto e fevereiro. Sua biologia reprodutiva é ainda pouco conhecida e foi abordada pelo presente estudo quanto aos seguintes aspectos: período reprodutivo, tamanho da ninhada, tempo de incubação e de permanência dos ninhegos no ninho, características dos ninhos e ovos, taxa de sucesso dos ninhos e taxa de predação. O estudo foi realizado na Estação Ecológica Águas Emendadas e em fragmentos do entorno, DF, nas estações reprodutivas de 2002 a 2007. Os ninhos (n = 78) foram monitorados em intervalos de 2-4 dias. O período reprodutivo estendeu-se de setembro a dezembro. O período médio de incubação foi de 13,6 ± 0,4 dias (n = 21) (média ± EP), e a permanência dos ninhegos no ninho foi de 15 ± 0,4 dias (n = 27). A maioria dos ninhos (n = 39) foi encontrada em cerrado ralo e em plantas-suporte do gênero Kielmeyera. O tamanho da ninhada variou de 1 a 3 ovos com média de 2,5 ± 0,3 ovos. O comprimento e a largura média dos ovos foram de 22,2 ± 0,2 mm e 15,8 ± 0,1 mm (n = 6), respectivamente, e o peso médio foi de 3,0 ± 0,2 g (n = 5). Trinta ninhos (52,5%) tiveram sucesso, 24 (43,8%) foram predados e apenas dois (3,7%) foram abandonados. O sucesso dos ovos foi de 39,2 ± 1,4%, sendo a taxa de eclosão de 0,6 ± 0,2 filhotes/ovo, a fecundidade de 1,5 ± 0,4 filhotes/fêmea e da produção anual de filhotes de 1,0 ± 0,3 filhotes/ninho. O sucess...

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“…Brood size partly accounted for the variation in nestling growth between rearing environments as we found a negative correlation between brood size and nestling body mass. This relationship might be causal, since brood size manipulation studies in birds have often shown a decrease in per capita feeding rate and nestling body mass following brood enlargement, while the opposite has been found following brood reduction (Martin 1987;Stearns 1992;Saino et al 1997a). The variation in nestling body mass between rearing environments might also have arisen from spatial variation in food abundance, notably caterpillars (Perrins 1991;Van Noordwijk et al 1995), as well as from di¡erences between breeding pairs in parental e¡ort.…”

Section: (B) E¡ect Of £Ea Infestation On Cell-mediated Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocompetence of nestling great tits in relation to rearing environment and parentage

Brinkhof

Heeb

Kölliker

et al. 1999

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

162

172

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Theoretical models of host^parasite coevolution assume a partially genetic basis to the variability in susceptibility to parasites among hosts, for instance as a result of genetic variation in immune function. However, few empirical data exist for free-living vertebrate hosts to support this presumption. In a crossfostering experiment with nestling great tits, by comparing nestlings of the same origin we investigated (i) the variance in host resistance against an ectoparasite due to a common genetic origin, (ii) the e¡ect of ectoparasite infestation on cell-mediated immunity and (iii) the variance in cell-mediated immunity due to a common genetic origin. Ectoparasitic hen £eas can impair the growth of nestling great tits and nestling growth was therefore taken as a measure of host susceptibility. A common origin did not account for a signi¢cant part of the variation in host susceptibility to £eas. There was no signi¢cant overall e¡ect of £eas on nestling growth or cell-mediated immunity, as assessed by a cutaneous hypersensitivity response. A common rearing environment explained a signi¢cant part of the variation in cell-mediated immunity among nestlings, mainly through its e¡ect on nestling body mass. The variation in cellmediated immunity was also related to a common origin. However, the origin-related variation in body mass did not account for the origin-related di¡erences in cell-mediated immunity. The results of the present study thus suggest heritable variation in cell-mediated immunity among nestling great tits.

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Food As A Limit On Breeding Birds: A Life-History Perspective

Cited by 567 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of forest patch size on physiological stress and immunocompetence in an area-sensitive passerine, the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris): an experiment

Effects of forest patch size on physiological stress and immunocompetence in an area-sensitive passerine, the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris): an experiment

Biologia reprodutiva de Tyrannus savana (Aves, Tyrannidae) em cerrado do Brasil Central

Immunocompetence of nestling great tits in relation to rearing environment and parentage

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