Food-associated drinking in the rat.

Abstract

Precise temporal relations between feeding and drinking were obtained by recording their occurrence simultaneously and continuously. The ingestion pattern of normal rats was comprised of discrete meals preceded or followed by drafts of water 78% of which ranged in size .5-2.5 ml. Drafts within the meal were rare and within the same size range. Desalivate neurologically normal rats and recovered lateral rats showed prandial drinking, a pattern in which all drinking occurred within the meal, in minute (<.5 ml.) drafts taken immediately after the ingestion of single 45-mg. food pellets. After desalivation a slow transition to the prandial drinking pattern occurred. These differences in patterns suggest that foodassociated drinking in the normal rat is controlled primarily by internal cues related to body-water need, while prandial drinking is learned in response to the necessity to swallow dry food from a dry mouth.

Recurrent restriction of sleep and inadequate recuperation induce both adaptive changes and pathological outcomes

“…Considering an apparent absence of hemorrhage, the logical explanation for thirst in rats during a recuperation phase therefore is to rid the body of excess solutes that are produced by increased metabolism by yet unnamed sources. During phases of sleep restriction, the progressive nature of the increases in intake of water emerged along with those for food intake, indicating prandial drinking (30,43), a regulatory response that maintains osmotic balance as food is absorbed (reviewed in Ref. 85).…”

Schedule-induced water and saccharin polydipsia under haloperidol

“…The first of these events develops from a normal rat behavior of drinking during meals (Kissileff, 1969). With free food and water, rats switch unpredictably between eating and drinking (Keehn & Colotla, 1970;Premack, 1965), but when their meals are regularly interrupted (e.g., by intermittent reinforcement) they learn to drink during interruptions unless the interruptions are unpredictable (Millenson , Allen, & Pinker, in press).…”

Reciprocal and additive effects of hyperoncotic and hypertonic treatments on feeding and drinking in rats

“…Psychonomic Science, 1968, 11, 157-158 (5) drinking (Kissileff, 1969) and a positive correlation between the size of food and of water intake related to a meal (Fitzsimons & Le Magnen, 1969). Limiting food in take re duces drinking proportionally to the amount eaten (Hsiao & Pertsulakes 2 ), and rationing water or deterring water intake by quinine reduees food in take proportionally to the amount drunk (Collier & Levitsky, 1967;Hsiao & Lloyd, 1969).…”