Food Bioactive Compounds and Their Interference in Drug Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Profiles

Abstract

Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that many food molecules could interact with drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes through different mechanisms, which are predictive of what would be observed clinically. Given the recent incorporation of dietary modifications or supplements in traditional medicine, an increase in potential food-drug interactions has also appeared. The objective of this article is to review data regarding the influence of food on drug efficacy. Data from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases was reviewed for publications on pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. The following online resources were used to integrate functional and bioinformatic results: FooDB, Phenol-Explorer, Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, DrugBank, UniProt, and IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. A wide range of food compounds were shown to interact with proteins involved in drug pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles, starting from drug oral bioavailability to enteric/hepatic transport and metabolism, blood transport, and systemic transport/metabolism. Knowledge of any food components that may interfere with drug efficacy is essential, and would provide a link for obtaining a holistic view for cancer, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or neurological therapies. However, preclinical interaction may be irrelevant to clinical interaction, and health professionals should be aware of the limitations if they intend to optimize the therapeutic effects of drugs.

The Malnutritional Status of the Host as a Virulence Factor for New Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

“…It is clear that the segment of population most at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the elderly, with frailty (49) and older age (50) being well-known predictors of a negative outcome in acute care settings. Intensive clinical monitoring at admission with subsequent tailored nutritional care is needed for COVID-19 patients, especially those with co-existing chronic conditions or medications that could further aggravate the nutritional status (51). To conclude, there are several main nutritional issues to consider when fighting COVID-19 (see Figure 1 for details).…”

Chemical Characterisation and Antihypertensive Effects of Locular Gel and Serum of Lycopersicum esculentum L. var. “Camone” Tomato in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…Several studies indicate that drug efficacy may be modified by meals consumed concomitantly, as food matrices and bioactive compounds may interfere at different phases of the pharmacokinetic process [36]. Food molecules may interfere with enzymes involved in drug-metabolising systems, which in turn cause variable and limited or increased drug bioavailability [37].…”

<p>Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Sleep Hygiene (HEPAS) as the Winning Triad for Sustaining Physical and Mental Health in Patients at Risk for or with Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Considerations for Clinical Practice</p>

“…123,124 Dietary supplements to alleviate insomnia symptoms are used in about 15% of cases, 72 potentially exposing to drug-food interactions. 58,125 Despite not being the gold standard method for sleep monitoring, actigraphy can certainly represent a useful alternative and many scientific studies have been conducted with this objective method in different settings. 126,127 Actigraphy devices worn on the wrist record movements that can be used to estimate total sleep time and wakes after sleep onset.…”

“…12 Dietetic sessions should include information about conditional recommendations to avoid foods or beverages known to interfere with drug pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile. 29,58 Physical Activity in Neuropsychiatry…”