Food-Borne Disease Prevention and Risk Assessment

Todd, Ewen C.D.

doi:10.3390/ijerph17145129

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Meanwhile, although the abundances of common zoonotic bacterial pathogens were low, we detected that the relative abundances of Salmonella and Listeria were enriched by 9.33 and 2.57 fold, respectively, following the application of manure products. This agrees with previous reports that implicate the use of manure products that are incompletely or inadequately treated by a validated 'Process to Further Reduce Pathogens' in the increased risk of Salmonella and Listeria contamination of fresh produce products typically consumed raw (i.e., without cooking) [20,42,43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of Manure Application on the Soil Bacterial Microbiome in Integrated Crop-Livestock Farms in Maryland

et al. 2021

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As a traditional agricultural system, integrated crop-livestock farms (ICLFs) involve the production of animals and crops in a shared environment. The ICLFs in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States practice sustainable manure aging or composting processes to provide an on-farm source of soil amendment for use as natural fertilizer and soil conditioner for crop production. However, crop fertilization by soil incorporation of aged manure or compost may introduce different microbes and alter the soil microbial community. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of aged or composted manure application on the diversity of soil bacterial community in ICLFs. Soil samples from six ICLFs in Maryland were collected before (pre-crop) and during the season (2020–2021) and used to analyze soil bacterial microbiome by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results showed that both phylum- and genus-level alterations of soil bacterial communities were associated with amendment of aged or composted manure. Particularly, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were enriched, while Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi were reduced after manure product application. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Bacillus was decreased, while two zoonotic pathogens, Salmonella and Listeria, were enriched by manure amendments. Overall, animal manure amendment of soil increased the phylogenetic diversity, but reduced the richness and evenness of the soil bacterial communities. Although manure composting management in ICLFs benefits agricultural sustainable production, the amendments altered the soil bacterial communities and were associated with the finding of two major zoonotic bacterial pathogens, which raises the possibility of their potential transfer to fresh horticultural produce crops that may be produced on the manured soils and then subsequently consumed without cooking.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of Manure Application on the Soil Bacterial Microbiome in Integrated Crop-Livestock Farms in Maryland

et al. 2021

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“…Consuming or being in contact with food containing antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms can cause the development of foodborne diseases that are difficult to treat [ 2 ]. In 2010 alone, over 400,000 people died due to foodborne diseases, which were caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, with over one-third of these deaths being children under the age of five [ 3 ]. Therefore, foodborne diseases and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance are both public health concerns that need to be addressed on a global scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone-Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolated from Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Food in the Philippines

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial resistance to quinolones, which constitutes a threat to public health, has been increasing worldwide. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of quinolone-resistant determinants in Escherichia coli not susceptible to quinolones and isolated from food-producing animals and food derived from them, in the Philippines. A total of 791 E. coli strains were isolated in 56.4% of 601 beef, chicken, pork, egg, and milk samples, as well as environmental, cloacal, and rectal swab-collected samples from supermarkets, open markets, abattoirs, and poultry, swine, and buffalo farms. Using the disc diffusion method, it was determined that 78.6% and 55.4% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and multiple drugs, respectively. In 141 isolates not susceptible to quinolones, 115 (81.6%) harbored quinolone-resistant determinants and had mutations predominantly in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC. Plasmid-mediated, quinolone resistance (PMQR) and Qnr family (qnrA1, qnrB4, and qnrS1) genes were detected in all isolates. Forty-eight sequence types were identified in isolates harboring mutations in QRDR and/or PMQR genes by multilocus sequence typing analysis. Moreover, 26 isolates harboring mutations in QRDR and/or PMQR genes belonged mostly to phylogroup B1 and Enteroaggregative E. coli. In conclusion, a high prevalence of E. coli was found in food-producing animals and products derived from them, which could potentially spread high-risk clones harboring quinolone-resistance determinants.

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“…Strengthening the sanitary regime during the production process has, however, positively decreased the risk of such transmission ( Sofos, 2014 ). Nevertheless, recent surveillance studies indicate that certain meat-borne pathogens still pose a significant health issue ( Todd, 2020 ). This is mostly related to bacterial contamination such as Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica ( EFSA, 2016 ; Todd, 2020 ).…”

Section: Changes To Meat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, recent surveillance studies indicate that certain meat-borne pathogens still pose a significant health issue ( Todd, 2020 ). This is mostly related to bacterial contamination such as Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica ( EFSA, 2016 ; Todd, 2020 ). According to the European Food Safety Authority, the annual number of confirmed cases of food-borne zoonotic diseases exceeds 350,000 ( EFSA, 2019 ).…”

Section: Changes To Meat Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking a lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic: Preventing the future outbreaks of viral zoonoses through a multi-faceted approach

Halabowski

Rzymski

2021

Science of The Total Environment

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The pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a significant burden to healthcare systems, economic crisis, and public fears. It is also a lesson to be learned and a call-to-action to minimize the risk of future viral pandemics and their associated challenges. The present paper outlines selected measures (i.e., monitoring and identification of novel viral agents in animals, limitations to wildlife trade, decreasing hunting activities, changes to mink farming and meat production), the implementation of which would decrease such a risk. The role of viral surveillance systems and research exploring the virus strains associated with different animal hosts is emphasized along with the need for stricter wild trade regulations and changes to hunting activities. Finally, the paper suggests modifications to the meat production system, particularly through the introduction of cultured meat that would not only decrease the risk of exposure to novel human viral pathogens but also strengthen food security and decrease the environmental impacts of food production.

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Food-Borne Disease Prevention and Risk Assessment

Cited by 75 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of Manure Application on the Soil Bacterial Microbiome in Integrated Crop-Livestock Farms in Maryland

Influence of Manure Application on the Soil Bacterial Microbiome in Integrated Crop-Livestock Farms in Maryland

Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone-Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolated from Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Food in the Philippines

Taking a lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic: Preventing the future outbreaks of viral zoonoses through a multi-faceted approach

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