Food-Borne Viruses in Shellfish: Investigation on Norovirus and HAV Presence in Apulia (SE Italy)

Bella, Gianfranco La; Martella, Vito; Basanisi, Maria Grazia; Nobili, Gaia; Terio, Valentina; Salandra, Giovanna La

doi:10.1007/s12560-016-9273-1

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The presence of oysters and crabs resulted in significant reduction of PgV abundances over the 24 h experimental period, i.e. <12% and 90% respectively within 3 h. In other studies, after exposure to water containing human enteric viruses, bivalves and crabs showed internal accumulation of the viruses, with recovery of viruses from tissues such as the digestive tract [45][46][47][48][49] . This indicates that both decapods and bivalves have the potential to take up viruses from their surrounding environment and, collectively, significantly contribute to the reduction in viral abundances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Marine virus predation by non-host organisms

Welsh

Steenhuis

Moraes

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in marine environments, however, despite its potential ecological implications, little is known about virus removal by ambient non-host organisms. Here, we examined the effects of a variety of non-host organisms on the removal of viruses. The marine algal virus PgV-07T (infective to Phaeocystis globosa) can be discriminated from bacteriophages using flow cytometry, facilitating its use as a representative model system. Of all the non-host organisms tested, anemones, polychaete larvae, sea squirts, crabs, cockles, oysters and sponges significantly reduced viral abundance. The latter four species reduced viral abundance the most, by 90, 43, 12 and 98% over 24 h, respectively. Breadcrumb sponges instantly removed viruses at high rates (176 mL h −1 g tissue dry wt −1) which continued over an extended period of time. the variety of non-host organisms capable of reducing viral abundance highlights that viral loss by ambient organisms is an overlooked avenue of viral ecology. Moreover, our finding that temperate sponges have the huge potential for constant and effective removal of viruses from the water column demonstrates that natural viral loss has, thus far, been underestimated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Marine virus predation by non-host organisms

Welsh

Steenhuis

Moraes

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Such outbreaks occur on a regular basis worldwide (Le Guyader et al 2008 ; Westrell et al 2010 ; Iritani et al 2014 ; Lunestad et al 2016 ; Woods et al 2016 ; Meghnath et al 2019 ) with potentially significant associated economic costs (Rheingans et al 2009 ; Navas et al 2015 ; Bartsch et al 2016 ; Papadopoulos et al 2019 ). Among the enteric viruses, NoV and HAV represent the majority of viral illnesses (Iizuka et al 2010 ; Pepe et al 2012 ; Fusco et al 2013 , 2019 ; La Bella et al 2017 ), although other viruses like HEV, HAstV, RV, SaV and AiV impact shellfisheries with symptoms that are more or less similar to those caused by NoVs (Pina et al 1998 ; Le Guyader et al 2008 ; Nakagawa-Okamoto et al 2009 ; Iritani et al 2014 ; La Bella et al 2017 ; La Rosa et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Sewage-polluted Water and Bivalve Shellfish As Vehicles For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Water Sources and Shellfish: A Focus on Africa

2021

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Enteric viruses are a diverse group of human pathogens which are primarily transmitted by the faecal-oral route and are a major cause of non-bacterial diarrhoeal disease in both developed and developing countries. Because they are shed in high numbers by infected individuals and can persist for a long time in the environment, they pose a serious threat to human health globally. Enteric viruses end up in the environment mainly through discharge or leakage of raw or inadequately treated sewage into water sources such as springs, rivers, dams, or marine estuaries. Human exposure then follows when contaminated water is used for drinking, cooking, or recreation and, importantly, when filter-feeding bivalve shellfish are consumed. The human health hazard posed by enteric viruses is particularly serious in Africa where rapid urbanisation in a relatively short period of time has led to the expansion of informal settlements with poor sanitation and failing or non-existent wastewater treatment infrastructure, and where rural communities with limited or no access to municipal water are dependent on nearby open water sources for their subsistence. The role of sewage-contaminated water and bivalve shellfish as vehicles for transmission of enteric viruses is well documented but, to our knowledge, has not been comprehensively reviewed in the African context. Here we provide an overview of enteric viruses and then review the growing body of research where these viruses have been detected in association with sewage-contaminated water or food in several African countries. These studies highlight the need for more research into the prevalence, molecular epidemiology and circulation of these viruses in Africa, as well as for development and application of innovative wastewater treatment approaches to reduce environmental pollution and its impact on human health on the continent.

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“…Others were less common: in 2016, GII.1, GII.13 and GII.14 respectively represented 0.6, 0.7 and 1.1% of NoV VP1 sequences reported in the NoroNet network, and P33, 1.5% of RdRp [13]. All were previously reported in shellfish from different countries [8,24,42]. The detection of GII.13 in 5 different shellfish samples from France and Spain, with high relative abundance, suggests that contaminated shellfish may be an efficient mode of transmission for this otherwise rare genotype.…”

Section: Nov Diversity In Shellfish Samplesmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Targeted Metagenomics Approach to Study the Diversity of Norovirus GII in Shellfish Implicated in Outbreaks

Desdouits

Wacrenier

Ollivier

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Human noroviruses (NoV) cause epidemics of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide and can be transmitted through consumption of contaminated foods. Fresh products such as shellfish can be contaminated by human sewage during production, which results in the presence of multiple virus strains, at very low concentrations. Here, we tested a targeted metagenomics approach by deep-sequencing PCR amplicons of the capsid (VP1) and polymerase (RdRp) viral genes, on a set of artificial samples and on shellfish samples associated to AGE outbreaks, to evaluate its advantages and limitations in the identification of strains from the NoV genogroup (G) II. Using artificial samples, the method allowed the sequencing of most strains, but not all, and displayed variability between replicates especially with lower viral concentrations. Using shellfish samples, targeted metagenomics was compared to Sanger-sequencing of cloned amplicons and was able to identify a higher diversity of NoV GII and GIV strains. It allowed phylogenetic analyses of VP1 sequences and the identification, in most samples, of GII.17[P17] strains, also identified in related clinical samples. Despite several limitations, combining RdRp- and VP1-targeted metagenomics is a sensitive approach allowing the study NoV diversity in low-contaminated foods and the identification of NoV strains implicated in outbreaks.

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Food-Borne Viruses in Shellfish: Investigation on Norovirus and HAV Presence in Apulia (SE Italy)

Cited by 52 publications

References 47 publications

Marine virus predation by non-host organisms

Marine virus predation by non-host organisms

Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Water Sources and Shellfish: A Focus on Africa

A Targeted Metagenomics Approach to Study the Diversity of Norovirus GII in Shellfish Implicated in Outbreaks

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