Food caching and recovery by farmland corvids

Waite, R. K.

doi:10.1080/00063658509476854

Cited by 16 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-positive birds in this survey (crows, rooks, and jackdaws) are carrion eaters (24,38) and sheep are housed is a possible route of transmission to the rodents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratuberculosis Infection of Nonruminant Wildlife in Scotland

Beard

Daniels

Henderson³

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

216

159

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Recent reports of natural paratuberculosis (or Johne's disease) in rabbits, foxes, and stoats has focused debate on the presence and importance of wildlife reservoirs in the epidemiology of this disease. This paper describes an extensive study investigating 18 nonruminant wildlife species for evidence of paratuberculosis. Using both culture and histopathological analysis, fox, stoat, weasel, crow, rook, jackdaw, rat, wood mouse, hare, and badger were found to harbor Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative organism of paratuberculosis, suggesting that the epidemiology of this disease is more complex than previously realized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paratuberculosis Infection of Nonruminant Wildlife in Scotland

Beard

Daniels

Henderson³

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

216

159

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“…Again, there are exceptions to this rule. Rooks (Corvus frugilegus), for example, hoard large quantities of walnuts when they are ripe, and consume these caches for months afterwards (Waite 1985). Like with many corvid caches, these nuts are buried, and it is therefore very likely that some form of memory is required for retrieving them over all intervals.…”

Section: Using Ecology To Predict Specific Memory Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ecology to guide the study of cognitive and neural mechanisms of different aspects of spatial memory in food-hoarding animals

Smulders

Gould

Leaver

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Understanding the survival value of behaviour does not tell us how the mechanisms that control this behaviour work. Nevertheless, understanding survival value can guide the study of these mechanisms. In this paper, we apply this principle to understanding the cognitive mechanisms that support cache retrieval in scatter-hoarding animals. We believe it is too simplistic to predict that all scatter-hoarding animals will outperform non-hoarding animals on all tests of spatial memory. Instead, we argue that we should look at the detailed ecology and natural history of each species. This understanding of natural history then allows us to make predictions about which aspects of spatial memory should be better in which species. We use the natural hoarding behaviour of the three best-studied groups of scatter-hoarding animals to make predictions about three aspects of their spatial memory: duration, capacity and spatial resolution, and we test these predictions against the existing literature. Having laid out how ecology and natural history can be used to predict detailed cognitive abilities, we then suggest using this approach to guide the study of the neural basis of these abilities. We believe that this complementary approach will reveal aspects of memory processing that would otherwise be difficult to discover.

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“…Rodents and magpies are both predators and dispersers of acorns (Waite 1985), but rabbits and hares, which are abundant in our field site, are only predators (Zamora et al 1985;Díaz et al 1996;Leiva and Fernández 2003;Guzmán et al 2008). We have clear evidence of acorn predation in situ for a small fraction of the unprotected acorns but suspect that most of the unfound acorns were either entirely consumed immediately after removal or re-cached and consumed later in other sites (Perea et al 2011), as the farmland environment where our woodland islets are embedded may exacerbate predation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation and aridity slow down the spread of 21-year-old planted woodland islets in restored Mediterranean farmland

et al. 2015

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Planted woodland islets act as sources of seed that may accelerate woodland development in extensive agricultural landscapes. We assessed a 1-ha plot that was planted with 16 100-m 2 islets of holm oak Quercus ilex subsp. ballota seedlings near Toledo (Spain) in 1993. In spring 2014 we measured (1) acorn predation and (2) seedling emergence from seeded acorns at different distances from and orientations around the islets with half of the acorns protected to prevent predation, (3) survival of emerged seedlings, and (4) natural tree establishment outside of the planted islets. Most (96.9 %) unprotected acorns were removed or predated. Seedling emergence from protected acorns ranged from 42.9 % on the northern side of the islets to 13.2 % on the southern side, suggesting a less stressful microclimate on the northern side. Survival of naturally established seedlings was 28.6 % by the end of first summer; seedling mortality was chiefly due to drought (45.0 %) and herbivory (35.0 %). Density of emerged seedlings, surviving seedlings after first dry season, and established oaks [1-year old was similar at different distances from the islets. Over the 21 year time period, 58 new oak individuals [1-year old have established (an average of 3.3 established individuals per ha per year) at an average distance of 6.3 ± 5.4 m away from the closest islet. We conclude that initial oak regeneration triggered by small planted islets in Mediterranean abandoned farmland is slowed down by high acorn predation, seedling herbivory, and stressful microclimatic conditions. Regardless, these islets are a viable tool for regeneration of Mediterranean oak woodland.

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Food caching and recovery by farmland corvids

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Paratuberculosis Infection of Nonruminant Wildlife in Scotland

Paratuberculosis Infection of Nonruminant Wildlife in Scotland

Using ecology to guide the study of cognitive and neural mechanisms of different aspects of spatial memory in food-hoarding animals

Predation and aridity slow down the spread of 21-year-old planted woodland islets in restored Mediterranean farmland

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