Food consumption of young stunted and non-stunted children in rural Zambia

Hautvast, Jla; Heijden, L.J.M. van der; Luneta, A.K.; Staveren, W.A. van; Tolboom, J.J.M.; Gastel, Saskia M. van

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600676

Cited by 40 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These findings parallel those for young breast-fed children living in other disadvantaged countries in South/South-East Asia (4,5,31,32) and sub-Saharan Africa (33)(34)(35) , where cereal-based complementary diets containing little micronutrient-dense cellular animal foods, dark-green vegetables or yellow-orange fruits predominate.…”

Section: Adequacy Of Energy and Nutrient Intakessupporting

confidence: 65%

Poor dietary quality of complementary foods is associated with multiple micronutrient deficiencies during early childhood in Mongolia

Lander

Ts²,

Batjargal³

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess whether persistent micronutrient deficiencies in Mongolian children identified in our earlier biochemical study are associated with inadequacies in quantity and/or quality in their complementary diets. Design: A cross-sectional study of breast-fed children aged 6-23 months, randomly selected from four districts in Ulaanbaatar and four provincial capitals. Subjects: Weight and length were measured, and sociodemographic status, feeding practices and nutrient adequacy of complementary foods for children aged 6-8 months (n 26), 9-11 months (n 29) and 12-23 months (n 73) were assessed via questionnaire and in-home interactive 24 h recalls. Results: No geographic differences existed so data were combined. Adherence to WHO infant and young child feeding practices was poor: few children were exclusively breast-fed up to 6 months of age or received the recommended number of feedings containing the recommended number of food groups. Nevertheless, energy intakes from complementary diets, primarily from cereals and non-nutritious snacks, were above WHO-estimated needs; ,1 % of energy was from meat and eggs or fruits and vegetables. Median intakes and densities of most nutrients (except protein, thiamin and riboflavin) failed to meet WHO recommendations for at least two age groups, assuming average breast milk intake; greatest density deficits were for Fe . vitamin C . vitamin A . Zn . Ca. Conclusions: Complementary feeding in Mongolia is compromised by deficits in several micronutrients but not energy, in part because of frequent consumption of non-nutritious snacks. The latter may interfere with breast-feeding and should be avoided. Instead, wheat-based complementary foods should be enriched with affordable cellular animal foods and fruits rich in vitamin C to combat existing micronutrient deficits.

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Section: Adequacy Of Energy and Nutrient Intakessupporting

confidence: 65%

Poor dietary quality of complementary foods is associated with multiple micronutrient deficiencies during early childhood in Mongolia

Lander

Ts²,

Batjargal³

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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“…more animal protein was consumed in the intervention than the control group. Animal source foods, particularly flesh foods, are rich sources of iron, zinc, and sometimes calcium (eg small whole fish eaten with bones), but in low-income country settings, are often consumed in small amounts (Brown et al, 1982(Brown et al, , 2002Creed de Kanashiro et al, 1990;Hautvast et al, 1999). In a US study, fractional absorption of zinc tended to be higher in infants when beef was offered as the first complementary food in place of cereal to infants (Jalla et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory nutrition education and adoption of new feeding practices are associated with improved adequacy of complementary diets among rural Malawian children: a pilot study

Hotz

Gibson

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To introduce practices for improving complementary feeding and evaluate their adoption and association with improved dietary intakes. Design: A quasiexperimental pilot study comparing dietary intakes from complementary foods among three intervention communities and one control community before and after the intervention, and adoption of new complementary feeding practices among intervention communities following the intervention. Setting: Rural subsistence communities in southern Malawi, Central Africa. Subjects: Mothers and their children aged 6 to 23 months receiving complementary foods. Interventions: A participatory, nutrition education intervention based on four locally adapted lessons for complementary feeding practices designed to increase: (i) total complementary food intake; (ii) energy and nutrient density of the complementary diet, and; (iii) iron and zinc bioavailability of the complementary diet. Results: Adoption rates for the four practices ranged from 25% for preparation of enriched porridges, to 10% for preparing soaked, pounded maize. The amount of complementary foods (g/day) and intakes of energy, animal protein, niacin, riboflavin, calcium, iron, and zinc, but not vitamin A, were significantly greater (Po0.05) in the intervention compared to control group, as were the energy, iron, and riboflavin density, and the estimated amount of bioavailable iron and zinc. Conclusions: Several intervention practices were well accepted and adopted and were associated with improved adequacy of energy and nutrient intakes from the complementary diet. Such improvements were attributed mainly to greater total intakes and, to a lesser extent, enhanced dietary quality of the complementary foods.

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“…In particular, the absorption of iron and zinc is modified substantially by dietary factors such as phytate and animal protein (FAO= WHO=IAEA, 1996;Wise, 1995). Few studies of complementary diets to date (Hautvast et al, 1999;Paul et al, 1998) have reported: (i) intakes of energy and multiple nutrients from complementary foods, independently of intakes from breastmilk; (ii) intake of dietary factors which modify absorption of iron and zinc and the consequent impact on their relative adequacy. Such information is necessary to assess the overall nutritional quality of the complementary diet and to develop suitable methods for its improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary feeding practices and dietary intakes from complementary foods amongst weanlings in rural Malawi

Hotz

2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: The objectives of this study were to estimate the quantity and nutritive quality of the complementary diet in rural Malawi, and to identify feeding practices, nutrients and dietary modifiers of iron and zinc bioavailability that may limit the quality of the diet. Design: This cross-sectional study design included an anthropometric survey, a feeding practices questionnaire, and an interactive, 24 h recall dietary data survey. Setting: Four rural villages in Balaka district, southern Malawi. Subjects: Mothers resident in the study communities with breastfed children aged up to 24 months were eligible. Results: Stunting was prevalent among these weanlings. Maize was the predominant food source, with limited contribution of animal foods. Deficits in dietary energy and several nutrients were found when compared to estimated needs. When expressed per kg body weight, energy intakes appeared adequate. The bioavailability of zinc was low due to a high phytate:zinc molar ratio. Iron bioavailability was also low due to low intake of absorption enhancers such as meat=fish=poultry protein and ascorbic acid. Dietary quality was poorest for 6 to 8-month-old infants. Conclusions: Iron, zinc and calcium were the most limiting nutrients to the quality of the diet, partly exacerbated by the poor bioavailability of iron and zinc. Increased total intake and bioavailability of iron and zinc would improve the complementary diets.

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Food consumption of young stunted and non-stunted children in rural Zambia

Cited by 40 publications

References 12 publications

Poor dietary quality of complementary foods is associated with multiple micronutrient deficiencies during early childhood in Mongolia

Poor dietary quality of complementary foods is associated with multiple micronutrient deficiencies during early childhood in Mongolia

Participatory nutrition education and adoption of new feeding practices are associated with improved adequacy of complementary diets among rural Malawian children: a pilot study

Complementary feeding practices and dietary intakes from complementary foods amongst weanlings in rural Malawi

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