Food Energy Available for and Required by the Blue Grouse Chick

Stiven, Alan E.

doi:10.2307/1932241

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, West (1968) calculated from data on captive and wild adult willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) that efficiency of digestion in the wild was about 45 per cent. Stiven (1961). This was confirmed recently in wild adults by Moss (in press).…”

Section: Chick Energeticssupporting

confidence: 66%

Significance of Brooding to the Energy Demands of Alaskan Rock Ptarmigan Chicks

Theberge¹,

West²

1973

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) chicks are brooded periodically during the first few days of life; longer in cold and rainy weather. Computed minimum foraging time in adverse weather conditions is 96 minutes/24 hours. Crop analysis and calorimetry of the 6 major food items show that a full crop may contain up to 0.47 kcals. Energy requirements were calculated for both an 18-gram chick and a 30-gram chick. The 18-gram chick required between 34 and 50 crop loads per 24 hours. With 96 minutes foraging time, and the observed pecking rates, this was considered possible. The 30-gram chick required twice as much foraging time but since it was approaching homeothermy,. it was tentatively concluded that neither was that chick being handicapped by brooding. Vagaries in early survival of rock ptarmigan chicks, therefore, afe not due to differences in post-hatch weather.RI~SUMÉ: Conséquences de la couvaison sur la demande en énergie chez des POUSsins du Lagopbde des rochers en Alaska. Pendant les premiers jours de leur vie, les poussins du Lagopède des rochers (Lagopus mutus) sont couvés périodiquement et plus longtemps par temps froid et pluvieux. On a calculé que dans des conditions de mauvais temps, 96 mid24 h sont consacrées à la recherche de nourriture. L'analyse et la calorimétrie de la cueillette des 6 aliments majeurs montrent qu'une cueillette complète peut donner jusqu'à 0.47 kcal. Les auteurs ont calculé la demande en énergie d'un poussin de 18 grammes et d'un autre de 30 grammes. Le premier a besoin de 34 à 50 cueillettes par 24 heures. On peut consid6rer que ceci est possible avec 96 minutes de temps de cueillette et selon les vitesses de becquetage observées. Le poussin de 30 grammes demande un temps de cueillette deux fois plus long-mais comme il approche l'homéothermie, on peut conclure expéri-mentalement que ni l'un ni l'autre poussin n'est handicapé par la couvaison. ,Ainsi, les variations dans la survivance infantile chez les poussins du LagopBde des rochers ne sont pas dues à des différences dans l'état du temps après l'éclosion. 1Faculty

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Section: Chick Energeticssupporting

confidence: 66%

Significance of Brooding to the Energy Demands of Alaskan Rock Ptarmigan Chicks

Theberge¹,

West²

1973

ARCTIC

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“…It was assumed that 60% of the energy in an insect was absorbed (Table 5) and that 80% of the protein was absorbed. This last assumption was based on data for chickens which absorbed about 85% of the protein available in insect material, yet only digested about 70-75% of the insect (Titus 1949;Stiven 1961 son et al 1975). Protein intake from carbohydrate sources was calculated using amino acid concentrations given in Table 3.…”

Section: Time Budgets and Estimates Of Protein And Energy Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diet of the New Holland honeyeater, Phylidonyris novaehollandiae

Paton

1982

Australian Journal of Ecology

103

118

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New Holland honeyeaters collect nectar, manna or honeydew for energy and hawk small flying insects for protein. The insects taken were usually Diptera and Hymenoptera weighing 0.7 mg dry weight or less. Net rates of energy gain from hawking small flying insects were usually less than 20 J min~' and sometimes negative and insufficient to meet the bird's daily energy requirements. Those from feeding on nectar, manna or honeydew were usually above40J min~^ andoftenabove400J min~^ atdawn and the birds depended on these carbohydrates for energy. Nectar, manna and honeydew contained negligible amounts of protein, and the birds used small flying insects as sources of protein, and presumably other nutrients. Given that carbohydrate resources supply better rates of energy gain than insects. New Holland honeyeaters should collect their energy requirements from carbohydrates and only collect sufficient insects to satisfy their protein requirements. Estimates of the food intakes of both non-breeding and breedig birds showed that they did this. Non-breeding New Holland honeyeaters collected from 72 to 125 (mean 92) kJ of carbohydrates per day and 17 to 58 (mean 31) mg of protein per day. These meet the daily energy (75 kJ) and protein (20 mg) requirements of the birds. Breedig birds collected more carbohydrates and more insects, but in proportion to their increased energy and protein requirements respectively.

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“…dry weight as the M.E. in invertebrates eaten by Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus juliginosus) chicks (Stiven, 1961), the equivalent requirement would be 39 gm. With a daily intake of dry weight of 10 percent of the live weight of the duck (Sincock, 1962), an 11-12-week-old Scaup would need about 54 gm.…”

Section: Carcass Composition Dry Matter-per-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Requirements and Growth of Captive Lesser Scaup

Sugden

Harris

1972

Poultry Science

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Energy requirements of captive Lesser Scaup ducks (Aythya affinis) were determined from hatching to 12 weeks using a feeding trial and comparative slaughter method. Food intake was measured directly; metabolizable energy intake by a chromic oxide indicator and calorimetry; net energy for gain by comparative slaughter; and total heat production by difference. Live weight growth was measured and dry matter growth estimated from a regression of percentage dry matter on age. Food intake (dry) increased from 6.7 gm./duck/day during the 1st week to a peak of 52.5 gm. in the Sth week. Metabolizable energy intake averaged 5,575 Kcal. during the first 7 weeks, the assumed preflight period. Percentage carcass dry matter increased from 30 percent at 1 week to 45 percent at 12 weeks. A similar trend occurred in wild scaup though percentages were lower due to the lower fat content. Data are given for the proximate composition of carcasses for the first 12 weeks.

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Food Energy Available for and Required by the Blue Grouse Chick

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Significance of Brooding to the Energy Demands of Alaskan Rock Ptarmigan Chicks

Significance of Brooding to the Energy Demands of Alaskan Rock Ptarmigan Chicks

The diet of the New Holland honeyeater, Phylidonyris novaehollandiae

Energy Requirements and Growth of Captive Lesser Scaup

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