Food for Thor: The Deposition of Human and Animal Remains in a Swedish Wetland

Becoming Bog Bodies Sacrifice and Politics of Exclusion, as Evidenced in the Deposition of Skeletal Remains in Wetlands Near Uppåkra

“…This body also dates somewhat later than the rest of the group, to the Roman Iron Age. Elsewhere in Sweden, for example, at Torresta in Uppland, cranial and postcranial remains retrieved from wetlands, date to this period (Fredengren 2015). There might be a slight pattern in the material that points towards a change in depositional practices during the EIA, where there might have been a focus on keeping the body's integrity in the deposition beneath some type of platform or fixture of stone or wood.…”

Finitude: Human and Animal Sacrifice in a Norse Setting

“…This site resembles that of Torresta, situated to the north of River Örsundaån. 30 Here, animal bones from cattle, horse and sheep/goat were found. These can be dated to the Bronze Age and Periods II, IV and V. There was also a male human skeleton that belongs to the Roman Iron Age.…”

“…Apart from the mild joint condition in several bone elements, this was also found to be more severe on some of the metatarsals expressed through pitting and deformation of parts of the skull. 23 Cranial pitting can be found on both male and female skeletons. However, cranial pitting in combination with trauma were found on Sk 57 from Knivsta, Sk 66 from Hederviken, Sk 72 from Bokaren.…”

Iron Age ‘Predatory Landscapes’: A Bioarchaeological and Funerary Exploration of Captivity and Enslavement in Britain

“…25.This is in contrast to how many of the palaeopathological conditions identified in European bog-bodies have been interpreted by Aldhouse Green (2001) and Fredengren (2018) and colleagues (Fredengren & Löfqvist 2015); whereby, for instance, congenital anomalies which would have impacted on mobility and body movement led to the affected individuals being regarded as outcasts, which contributed to them becoming victims of ritual violence. It is suggested that an Index of Care model (Tilley & Cameron 2014) and a consideration of acquired impairments, because of trauma or osteoarthritis, would help place the bog-body evidence in context at the population level.…”