Food for thought

Ashley, Sarah; Dang, Thanh; Koplin, Jennifer J.; Martino, David; Prescott, Susan L.

doi:10.1097/aci.0000000000000159

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As evidence increasingly suggested that allergen diversity and early intervention may decrease FA [11,21], infant feeding guidelines were revised, and currently recommend full introduction of diverse allergenic foods at 4 to 6 months [22][23][24]. However, the early and consistent introduction of not just single allergens, but multiple allergens can be difficult to administer in infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Introduction of Multi-Allergen Mixture for Prevention of Food Allergy: Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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The incidence and prevalence of food allergy (FA) is increasing. While several studies have established the safety and efficacy of early introduction of single allergens in infants for the prevention of FA, the exact dose, frequency, and number of allergens that can be safely introduced to infants, particularly in those at high or low risk of atopy, are still unclear. This 1-year pilot study evaluated the safety of the early introduction of single foods (milk, egg, or peanut) vs. two foods (milk/egg, egg/peanut, milk/peanut) vs. multiple foods (milk/egg/peanut/cashew/almond/shrimp/walnut/wheat/salmon/hazelnut at low, medium, or high doses) vs. no early introduction in 180 infants between 4–6 months of age. At the end of the study, they were evaluated for plasma biomarkers associated with food reactivity via standardized blood tests. Two to four years after the start of the study, participants were evaluated by standardized food challenges. The serving sizes for the single, double, and low dose mixtures were 300 mg total protein per day. The serving sizes for the medium and high dose mixtures were 900 mg and 3000 mg total protein, respectively. Equal parts of each protein were used for double or mixture foods. All infants were breastfed until at least six months of age. The results demonstrate that infants at either high or low risk for atopy were able to tolerate the early introduction of multiple allergenic foods with no increases in any safety issues, including eczema, FA, or food protein induced enterocolitis. The mixtures of foods at either low, medium, or high doses demonstrated trends for improvement in food challenge reactivity and plasma biomarkers compared to single and double food introductions. The results of this study suggest that the early introduction of foods, particularly simultaneous mixtures of many allergenic foods, may be safe and efficacious for preventing FA and can occur safely. These results need to be confirmed by larger randomized controlled studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Introduction of Multi-Allergen Mixture for Prevention of Food Allergy: Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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“…There is a lack of randomised clinical trials investigating the effect of the single dietary exposure of folic acid supplementation use during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Randomisation of exposures is critical for accounting for the multiple confounding modifiable environmental factors that have been identified as potentially influencing the in-utero environment and related allergic disease outcomes in children, including other nutritional factors, such as vitamin D, gut microbiota, smoking, rural environments, pet keeping, and high SES-related health seeking behaviours [ 5 , 7 , 13 , 16 ].…”

Section: Observational Studies Investigating the Relationship Betwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, the epigenetic effects of maternal nutrition on fetal immune development are likely to be an important factor in the risk of allergic disease, particularly as differences in immune function can already be detected at birth, in those who go on to develop the disease [ 14 ]. This demonstrates lasting effects of in utero exposures on immune development, but also provides a window of opportunity for preventing immune-related diseases, and reversing the rising disease burden [ 7 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy and Childhood Allergic Disease Outcomes: A Question of Timing?

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Since the early 1990s, maternal folic acid supplementation has been recommended prior to and during the first trimester of pregnancy, to reduce the risk of infant neural tube defects. In addition, many countries have also implemented the folic acid fortification of staple foods, in order to promote sufficient intakes amongst women of a childbearing age, based on concerns surrounding variable dietary and supplementation practices. As many women continue to take folic acid supplements beyond the recommended first trimester, there has been an overall increase in folate intakes, particularly in countries with mandatory fortification. This has raised questions on the consequences for the developing fetus, given that folic acid, a methyl donor, has the potential to epigenetically modify gene expression. In animal studies, folic acid has been shown to promote an allergic phenotype in the offspring, through changes in DNA methylation. Human population studies have also described associations between folate status in pregnancy and the risk of subsequent childhood allergic disease. In this review, we address the question of whether ongoing maternal folic acid supplementation after neural tube closure, could be contributing to the rise in early life allergic diseases.

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“…Prenatal or early childhood exposures to environmental factors, such as living in urban or rural/farming areas can affect the programming of the immune system and are thus risk factors for development of subsequent allergic diseases [6]. Epigenetic modifications have been postulated as an important mechanism mediating these effects [7–10], which has been demonstrated mostly by human studies investigating DNA methylation [11, 12]. Previously, it has been found that DNA methylation levels within the CD14 promoter region are lower in placentas of mothers living on a farm, suggesting that epigenetic regulation of CD14 early in life might be involved in the protective effect of “living on a farm”, with regard to allergy development [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Modifications in Placenta are Associated with the Child’s Sensitization to Allergens

Harb

Alhamwe

Acevedo

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Prenatal environmental exposures are considered to contribute to the development of allergic sensitization by epigenetic mechanisms. The role of histone acetylation in the placenta has not been examined yet. We hypothesized that placental histone acetylation at the promoter regions of allergy-related immune regulatory genes is associated with the development of sensitization to allergens in the child. Histones H3 and H4 acetylation at the promoter regions of 6 selected allergy-related immune regulatory genes was assessed by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay in 173 term placentas collected in the prospective birth-cohort ALADDIN. The development of IgE sensitization to allergens in the children was followed from 6 months up to 5 years of age. We discovered significant associations of histone acetylation levels with decreased risk of allergic sensitization in 3 genes. Decreased risk of sensitization to food allergens was associated with higher H3 acetylation levels in placentas at the IFNG and SH2B3 genes, and for H4 acetylation in HDAC4. Higher HDAC4 H4 acetylation levels were also associated with a decreased risk of sensitization to aeroallergens. In conclusion, our results suggest that acetylation of histones in placenta has a potential to predict the development of sensitization to allergens in children.

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Food for thought

Abstract: Food allergy is a complex immune-mediated disease consisting of numerous environmental/genetic/epigenetic risk factors; yet interventions are likely to be simple and cost-effective.

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Early Introduction of Multi-Allergen Mixture for Prevention of Food Allergy: Pilot Study

Early Introduction of Multi-Allergen Mixture for Prevention of Food Allergy: Pilot Study

Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy and Childhood Allergic Disease Outcomes: A Question of Timing?

Epigenetic Modifications in Placenta are Associated with the Child’s Sensitization to Allergens

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