Food Habits of Obese and Nonobese Adolescents

Huenemann, Ruth L.

doi:10.1080/00325481.1972.11698238

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Effect of weightl'atness. Huenemann (1972) reported that, among teenage girls, intakes of energy and several nutrients declined as percentage body fat increased. These results are consistent with those in the present study for certain nutrients.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major influences on median energy and nutrient intakes among teenagers: a Tasmanian survey

Woodward

1984

Br J Nutr

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1. This report explores the characteristics that influenced median intakes of energy and ten nutrients in a representative sample of 1055 adolescents (1 1-16 years) in Tasmania, Australia.2. Among girls, the characteristic with greatest influence on intakes was different for different nutrients. Thus, median intakes of fat, iron, thiamin and niacin-equivalent were lower in heavier, fatter girls. Girls from larger families consumed more riboflavin, while girls with poorly educated mothers consumed less vitamin A. Girls who regularly took vitamin supplements had higher median intakes of (food-derived) calcium.3. Among boys the increase of intakes of energy and nutrients with age overshadowed the influence of other characteristics.4. Among younger boys the characteristic with greatest influence varied. Those with highly educated fathers had lower median intakes of energy and carbohydrate; those who exercised vigorously consumed more fat; those who smoked 'heavily' (> 10 cigarettes in the previous week) consumed more thiamin and niacin-equivalent.5. Among older boys the characteristic with greatest influence varied. Those who drank 'heavily' (> five glasses in the previous week) had higher intakes of energy and fat. Those from professional-managerial households consumed more thiamin.6. For vitamin C, there was no sex difference in intakes. Social status had the greatest influence, with children from professional-managerial households eating more.7. Food choices underlying these differences in energy and nutrient intakes were explored. A recent survey of high-school students (ages 11-16 years) in Tasmania obtained 24 h diet records, along with a range of other information about each respondent. To assess the information, the author used distribution-free statistical methods to identify those characteristics which had the strongest impact (in statistical terms) on intakes of energy and nutrients. The effect of these characteristics on food choices was also explored. MATERIALS A N D METHODSStudents in grades 7-10 (modal ages 12-15 years) in Tasmanian schools were sampled, by a two-stage cluster technique. Subjects completed a 24 h diet record (Woodward et al. 1981), and a questionnaire on physical, socio-economic and behavioural characteristics (see p. 22). In all, 1055 usable replies were obtained, a response rate of 8 1 % .

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Section: Comparison With Other Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major influences on median energy and nutrient intakes among teenagers: a Tasmanian survey

Woodward

1984

Br J Nutr

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“…In man, meal frequency is often cited as one of the variables that can influence energy balance. It has been observed that obese individuals often skip breakfast (Huenemann et al 1966) and tend to eat most of their food in one meal, usually in the late afternoon or evening (Huenemann, 1972). Using epidemiological methods, Fabry and co-workers studied the relationship between meal frequency and obesity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of the pattern of food intake on human energy metabolism

Venne¹,

Westerterp²,

Kester

1993

Br J Nutr

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The pattern of food intake can affect the regulation of body weight and lipogenesis. We studied the effect of meal frequency on human energy expenditure (EE) and its components. During 1 week ten male adults (age 25-61 years, body mass index 20.7-30.4 kg/m2) were fed to energy balance a t two mealsld (gorging pattern) and during another week at seven meals/d (nibbling pattern). For the first 6 d of each week the food was provided at home, followed by a 36 h stay in a respiration chamber. 0, consumption and CO, production (and hence EE) were calculated over 24 h. EE in free-living conditions was measured over the 2 weeks with doubly-labelled water (average daily metabolic rate, ADMR). The three major components of ADMR are basal metabolic rate (BMR), diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and EE for physical activity (ACT). There was no significant effect of meal frequency on 24 h EE or ADMR. Furthermore, BMR and ACT did not differ between the two patterns. DIT was significantly elevated in the gorging pattern, but this effect was neutralized by correction for the relevant time interval. With the method used for determination of DIT no significant effect of meal frequency on the contribution of DIT to ADMR could be demonstrated.

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“…This line of research began as early as four decades ago, documenting a negative relationship between meal frequency and body fat percentage. These findings suggest that those who eat more frequently and have a greater total energy intake actually weigh less and have lower body fat percentages than individuals who eat less frequently (Fabry, 1964;Huenemann, 1972;Metzner, Lamphiear, Wheeler, & Larkin, 1977). Subsequent studies investigating the metabolic effect of meal frequency have been inconsistent.…”

Section: Accuracy Of Dietary Self-monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early research found that obese groups reported eating less than normal weight groups (Fricker, Fumeron, Clair, & Apfelbaum, 1989;Fricker, Baelde, Igoin-Apfelbaum, Huet, & Apfelbaum, 1992). It was hypothesized that EI smaller than expected EE among these obese individuals due to metabolic suppression, not overeating (Fabry, 1964;Huenemann, 1972;Metzner, Lamphiear, Wheeler, & Larkin, 1977). Findings from research that examined the relationship between weight and metabolic suppression were inconsistent.…”

Section: Metabolic Suppression Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Eating Style and Portion Size on the Accuracy of Dietary Self-Monitoring Among Normal Weight and Overweight Women

Morris¹

2007

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Given the dramatic rise in obesity and related disorders, it is imperative to improve the accuracy of dietary self-monitoring, a cornerstone of treatment. An ambulatory self-monitoring study and a laboratory food estimation study were used to examine (1) the role of eating style (gorging) and weight status (obesity) in dietary underreporting and (2) portion size as mechanism underlying dietary underreporting. Gorging was defined as two or fewer meals per day with at least seven hours between waking and the first meal. Obese was defined as a BMI between 25 and 34.9 kg/m 2. Seventy-six women, ages 19-50 participated. A 2 x 2 (weight by eating style) between groups one-week ambulatory study design was used to examine the accuracy of dietary self-monitoring. Reported energy intake (EI), from a self-monitoring eating diary, was compared to measured energy needs assessed by an ambulatory activity monitor. Accuracy was determined by the Goldberg equation and the ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure (EI:EE). Overweight and gorgers were expected to underestimate EI as compared to normal weight and non-gorgers, respectively. Overweight gorgers were expected to underestimate EI compared to all other groups. i v The effect of portion size on meal size estimation was examined using a laboratory based 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (weight by eating style by meal size by time) mixed design. Both a regular and large meal size were presented during 2 laboratory visits, scheduled one week apart. Overweight gorgers were expected to underestimate large meals to a greater extent than all other groups. Groups were expected to underestimate large compared to regular meals. Overall, energy needs were greater for obese and gorgers compared to normal weight and non-gorgers. However, there were no differences in report EI among overweight compared to normal weight women, and gorgers reported less EI than nongorgers. This lack of difference in reported EI, a possible indication of dietary underreporting by overweight women, was not confirmed using the Goldberg equation or EI:EE. The Goldberg equation categorized 93.4% of all participants as underreporters, with no differences between groups. Comparing the EI:EE ratio between groups indicated that gorgers underreported compared to non-gorgers. For meal estimation, regular meals were less accurately estimated than large meals. Unexpectedly, all groups overestimated both small and large meals. Few studies to date have examined factors explaining the association between weight and accuracy in reported intake. The role of large portion sizes as a mechanism underlying dietary underreporting was not supported. Future research should continue to focus on understanding mechanisms associated with accuracy of dietary self-monitoring. Knowing why people underreport can lead to improvements in accuracy, increasing our understanding of the relationship between eating behaviors and health, and also improve efforts for weight loss and weight maintenance. v

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Food Habits of Obese and Nonobese Adolescents

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Major influences on median energy and nutrient intakes among teenagers: a Tasmanian survey

Major influences on median energy and nutrient intakes among teenagers: a Tasmanian survey

Effect of the pattern of food intake on human energy metabolism

The Effect of Eating Style and Portion Size on the Accuracy of Dietary Self-Monitoring Among Normal Weight and Overweight Women

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