Food Insecurity, Malnutrition, and the Microbiome

Christian, Vikram J.; Miller, Keith R.; Martindale, Robert G.

doi:10.1007/s13668-020-00342-0

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The importance of mutualistic, gut-bacterial communities in human health has been underlined by accumulating research over the last two decades. The pathogenesis of chronic, non-communicable, clinical conditions linked to alteration in the gut microbiome or dysbiosis of the gut microbiota includes inflammatory bowel disease [137], obesity [138], metabolic disease [139], malnutrition [140], neurological disorders [141], malignancy [142], and cardiovascular disease [143]. Colonocyte metabolism appears to control the transition between homeostatic and dysbiotic microbiota communities.…”

Section: Human Gut Microbiota: Physiologic Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis

Seely

Kotelko

Douglas

et al. 2021

IJMS

103

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An expanding body of research asserts that the gut microbiota has a role in bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This review considers the human gut microbiota composition and its role in osteoclastogenesis and the bone healing process, specifically in the case of osteoporosis. Although the natural physiologic processes of bone healing and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and bone disease are now relatively well known, recent literature suggests that a healthy microbiome is tied to bone homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this connection is still somewhat enigmatic. Based on the literature, a relationship between the microbiome, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) is contemplated and explored in this review. Studies have proposed various mechanisms of gut microbiome interaction with osteoclastogenesis and bone health, including micro-RNA, insulin-like growth factor 1, and immune system mediation. However, alterations to the gut microbiome secondary to pharmaceutical and surgical interventions cannot be discounted and are discussed in the context of clinical therapeutic consideration. The literature on probiotics and their mechanisms of action is examined in the context of bone healing. The known and hypothesized interactions of common osteoporosis drugs and the human gut microbiome are examined. Since dysbiosis in the gut microbiota can function as a biomarker of bone metabolic activity, it may also be a pharmacological and nutraceutical (i.e., pre- and probiotics) therapeutic target to promote bone homeostasis.

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Section: Human Gut Microbiota: Physiologic Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis

Seely

Kotelko

Douglas

et al. 2021

IJMS

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additional parameters that were associated with malnutrition development and are not incorporated into any of the existing malnutrition risk screening tools include physician global assessment, steroid therapy, endoscopic disease activity and annual healthcare utility. Endoscopic disease activity, the target of treatment in IBD [21], may contribute to the development of malnutrition by various mechanisms, such as malabsorption, enteric nutrient loss, reduced energy intake due to disease manifestations [22] and sarcopenia [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Malnutrition among IBD Patients

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Malnutrition is a highly prevalent complication in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes and quality of life. Screening for malnutrition risk is recommended routinely; however, current malnutrition screening tools do not incorporate IBD specific characteristics and may be less adequate for screening these patients. Therefore, we aimed to identify IBD-related risk factors for development of malnutrition. (2) Methods: A retrospective case-control study among IBD patients attending the IBD clinic of the Tel-Aviv Medical Center for ≥2 consecutive physician consultations per year during 2017–2020. Cases who had normal nutritional status and developed malnutrition between visits were compared to matched controls who maintained normal nutritional status. Detailed information was gathered from medical files, including: demographics, disease phenotype, characteristics and activity, diet altering symptoms and comorbidities, medical and surgical history, annual healthcare utility, nutritional intake and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) score. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify malnutrition risk factors. The independent risk factors identified were summed up to calculate the IBD malnutrition risk score (IBD-MR). (3) Results: Data of 1596 IBD patients met the initial criteria for the study. Of these, 59 patients developed malnutrition and were defined as cases (n = 59) and matched to controls (n = 59). The interval between the physician consultations was 6.2 ± 3.0 months, during which cases lost 5.3 ± 2.3 kg of body weight and controls gained 0.2 ± 2.3 kg (p < 0.001). Cases and controls did not differ in demographics, disease duration, disease phenotype or medical history. Independent IBD-related malnutrition risk factors were: 18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 22 kg/m2 (OR = 4.71, 95%CI 1.13–19.54), high annual healthcare utility (OR = 5.67, 95%CI 1.02–31.30) and endoscopic disease activity (OR = 5.49, 95%CI 1.28–23.56). The IBD-MR was positively associated with malnutrition development independently of the MUST score (OR = 7.39, 95%CI 2.60–20.94). Among patients with low MUST scores determined during the index visit, identification of ≥2 IBD-MR factors was strongly associated with malnutrition development (OR = 8.65, 95%CI 2.21–33.82, p = 0.002). (4) Conclusions: We identified IBD-related risk factors for malnutrition, highlighting the need for a disease-specific malnutrition screening tool, which may increase malnutrition risk detection.

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“…In 2020, Christian et al . examined studies on the effects of FI on malnutrition and the gut microbiota 42 . They found that when people go without meals, their gut flora changes 42 .…”

Section: Impact Of Food Insecurity On the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of food insecurity on the gut microbiota and its potential relevance to a multi‐ethnic population in Malaysia

et al. 2022

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Food insecurity (FI) has an impact on food intake, and it can make it difficult for people to eat enough nutritious food at all times to sustain an active and healthy lifestyle. The COVID‐19 outbreak has hampered people's capacity to obtain nutritious and affordable food. Although FI has been studied in Malaysia, the extent to which it is linked to gut microbiota has yet to be discovered. This review aimed to compile evidence of the relationship between FI and gut microbial changes and their potential relevance to a multi‐ethnic population in Malaysia. FI is typically associated with cheaper and calorie‐dense foods because of the high cost of quality food and financial constraints that hinder food‐insecure people from adopting healthier dietary choices. As a result, they have started eating low‐quality food such as simple carbohydrates, fats, and processed foods. These poor eating habits can reduce microbial diversity and influence changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This review also explores the impact of ethnicity on the variation in composition of gut microbiota. In conclusion, the findings of this review may be utilized to develop and implement diet‐related intervention programs to ensure that Malaysians get enough nutritious food to maintain a healthy gut microbiota and improve overall health.

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Food Insecurity, Malnutrition, and the Microbiome

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis

The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis

Risk Factors for Malnutrition among IBD Patients

Implication of food insecurity on the gut microbiota and its potential relevance to a multi‐ethnic population in Malaysia

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