Food intake and growth of adult Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) reared under different conditions of stocking density, feeding frequency and size-grading

Lambert, Yvan; Dutil, Jean‐Denis

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00448-8

Cited by 136 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similarity in the condition index of fishes reared at different densities was also recorded in Oreochromis niloticus (Abdel-Tawwab, 2012); Siganus rivulatus (Saoud et al, 2007) and Brycon insignis (Tolussi et al, 2010). On the other hand, Lambert and Dutil (2001) found a negative effect of increasing stocking density on the condition index of Gadus morhua and postulated decreased food intake as the cause.…”

Section: Condition Index (K)supporting

confidence: 60%

“…On the contrary, the conditions of both high and low CV were reported at higher densities. Large size variation at higher densities found in Gadus morhua (Lambert and Dutil, 2001) was attributed mainly to the establishment of hierarchical groups. Low size variation at very high densities was reported by Kailasam et al (2002) in Lates calcarifer and Ronald et al (2014) in Oreochromis niloticus.…”

Section: Coefficient Of Variation (Cv) For Weightmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Tibile¹,

Sawant²,

Chadha³

et al. 2016

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Juveniles of the tropical ornamental fish, Discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) of mean standard length, 3.58 ± 0.03 cm and mean weight, 3.36 ± 0.03 g, were reared at four stocking densities (1 juvenile/10 L, 1 juvenile/7.5 L, 1 juvenile/5.0 L and 1 juvenile/2.5 L) with three replicates each, for a period of 12 weeks, to evaluate effect of stocking density on growth, condition index, size variation and survival. Growth and survival were recorded after every two weeks. At the end of the culture period, lower densities of 1 juvenile/10 L and 1 juvenile/7.5 L showed significantly higher growth and survival (p<0.05). The condition index and coefficient of variation did not vary significantly (p>0.05) among the stocking densities but coefficient of variation (CV) increased towards the end of the culture period. Results indicated that discus juveniles may be reared at the highest density of 1 juvenile per 2.5 l up to a period of two weeks without affecting growth parameters significantly, at a density of 1 juvenile per 5.0 l up to a period of six weeks and at a density of 1 juvenile per 7.5 l for a period of twelve weeks. It can, therefore, be concluded that a stocking density of 1 juvenile per 7.5 l is optimal for rearing juveniles of this fish without compromising on specific growth, survival and well-being.

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Section: Condition Index (K)supporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Coefficient Of Variation (Cv) For Weightmentioning

confidence: 87%

Untitled

Tibile¹,

Sawant²,

Chadha³

et al. 2016

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…The effects of density on growth are diverse, usually showing a negative correlation in several finfish species as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Refstie 1977), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (Lambert and Dutil, 2001) or in flatfish species like turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) (Irwin et al, 1999). Although, it has been noted that too low densities can also have a negative effect on growth in species that present schooling behavior as Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) (Jørgensen et al, 1993) or sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Papoutsoglou et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocking density and sex influence individual growth of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

2010

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Growth is usually inversely correlated with stocking density of fish in culture. Senegalese sole aquaculture is affected by a high size variability and thus, this work tried to investigate the relationship of growth with density of two populations of 96 individually tagged Senegalese sole (318.7± 7.9 g; mean± standard error of the mean). Fish were reared at low (LD) and high (HD) density (60% and 180% of bottom coverage respectively) for 195 days. After 134 days (period 1), density conditions were exchanged between groups. Mean weight, standard length, maximum width and centroid size were calculated for each of the 11 census days of the experiment. White muscle biopsies were taken in 7 of the census days in order to assess the RNA/DNA ratio, as a biochemical indicator of growth. Stocking density had an important effect on growth, as fish reared under HD showed poor or no growth during a 'lag phase' on the first 61 days of the experiment, leading to a significantly lower specific growth rate (0.23 ± 0.014) for period 1 compared with LD fish (0.34 ± 0.016). Fitting of linear mixed-effects (LME) models for the first 134 days of experiment showed a significant effect of density and sex on all the assessed biometric parameters. These results could be attributed mainly to the first 61 days of the experiment, as no differences were observed between days 61 and 134 in all the measurements, except for standard length, that showed to be lower for HD fish throughout the whole period. Fish reared under high density tended to grow slower than fish held at low density, while females showed faster growth than males, particularly in HD. Nevertheless, due to high size variability, no significant differences could be found in the mean values of weight or standard length after 134 days (467.2± 21.6 g and 28.7± 4.2 cm; 502.6 ± 22.5 g and 29.7± 4.5 cm for HD and LD fish respectively). Size variability could be an indicator of the onset of hierarchies, being stronger and with more females as dominant individuals than males in HD. After exchanging densities, and up to day 195, a similar lagging effect could be observed in LD fish exposed to high density, suggesting that a sudden change in density, more than density itself, could be the responsible for a detrimental effect on growth. RNA/DNA ratios, were significantly lower for HD fish between days 20 and 61.

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“…These interactions lead to heterogeneity of individual feed intake and to size variation within experimental groups. In those cases, growth suppression is inevitable (Jobling, 1985;Irwin et al, 1999;Lambert and Dutil, 2001). Furthermore, an increased CV for body weight within population is considered an indicative of establishment of hierarchies (Irwin et al, 1999;Lambert and Dutil, 2001).…”

Section: -157 March/april 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed varying dietary L-carnitine levels at different stocking densities

Gonçalves

Turini

Ozório³

2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Commercial farming of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) at high stocking densities may lead to growth depression and increasing production costs. Moreover, the high levels of accumulated waste in an intensive system may cause rapid deterioration of water quality, which may undermine the production. Lcarnitine is known as a growth-enhancer which shows promise as mitigator of crowding effects. The effects of stocking densities (4, 8, 11 and 14 kg m -2 ) on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition were evaluated during 75 days on turbot (75.6 ± 2.8 g) fed two dietary L-carnitine levels (40 or 240 mg kg -1 ). At the end of the feeding trial, total ammonia excretion (TAN) was measured postprandially for 24h. Specific growth rate and weight gain decreased with increasing stocking density. Fish held at 4 kg m -2 had higher final body weight (94-96 g) than fish held at higher densities (80-87 g). Protein efficiency ratio was higher in fish held at 4 kg m -2 (1.33-1.36), in comparison to fish stocked at 8 kg m -2 (0.98) or 14 kg m -2 (0.45). Voluntary feed intake decreased from 0.70 to 0.56% BW with increasing stocking density. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation did not affect growth performance and body composition, except for body L-carnitine content which increased from 75 to 128 mg kg -1 BW with supplementation. Fish fed 240 mg L-carnitine supplements had lower TAN that the ones fed 40 mg L-carnitine (p < 0.05). Key words: compensatory growth, feed additives, stress, husbandry, nitrogen excretion Desempenho de juvenis de pregado (Scophthalmus maximus) em função da densidade de estocagem e de níveis dietéticos de L-carnitinaRESUMO: A aquicultura de pregado (Scophthalmus maximus) utilizando elevadas densidades pode reduzir o crescimento e aumentar os custos de produção. Elevados níveis de metabolitos gerados nestes sistemas intensivos provocam rápida deterioração da qualidade da água, podendo também comprometer a performance da produção. A L-carnitina atua como potenciadora do crescimento parecendo ser promissora por atenuar alguns desses efeitos. Os efeitos de densidades (4, 8, 11 e 14 kg m -2 ) no desempenho do crescimento, composição corporal foram avaliados em pregados (75,6 ± 2,8 g) alimentados durante 75 dias a dois níveis dietéticos de L-carnitina (40 ou 240 mg kg -1 ). Após esse período, determinou-se a excreção de amônia pós-prandial durante 24 horas. Os peixes cultivados na menor densidade, 4 kg m -2 , apresentaram melhores taxas de crescimento e ganho de peso (94-96 g) em comparação aos mantidos em altas densidades (80-87 g). A taxa de eficiência proteica foi mais elevada a 4 kg m -2 (1,33-1,36), do que a densidades de 8 kg m -2 (0,98) ou 14 kg m -2 (0,45). A ingestão voluntária de alimento decresceu de 0,70 para 0,56% do peso corporal com o incremento da densidade. A suplementação de carnitina não afetou o crescimento e a composição corporal, com exceção do conteúdo de carnitine da carcaça que passou de 75 a 128 mg kg -1 . Peixes alimentados com suplementos de 240 mg L-carnitina apre...

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Food intake and growth of adult Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) reared under different conditions of stocking density, feeding frequency and size-grading

Cited by 136 publications

References 26 publications

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Stocking density and sex influence individual growth of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

Performance of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fed varying dietary L-carnitine levels at different stocking densities

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