Food iron and lead absorption in humans

Watson, W. S.; Morrison, J; Bethel, Monique; Baldwin, N M; Lyon, D T B; Dobson, Hilary; Moore, M. R.; Hume, Robert

doi:10.1093/ajcn/44.2.248

Cited by 61 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Because heavier women are unlikely to gain as much weight and arm circumference as smaller ones, gain becomes an especially Our analysis of maternal diet provides new information on nutrient-lead interactions because it pertains to the transfer of lead from mother to fetus whereas most published research examines relationships of dietary intake and lead levels in either adults or children. In the APILS sample, higher maternal intakes of iron are associated with lower neonatal lead levels, a finding consistent with results from both experimental animal studies (Barton et al 1978;Crowe and Morgan 1996;Hamilton 1978;Hashmi et al 1989aHashmi et al , 1989bKlauder and Petering 1975;Mahaffey-Six and Goyer 1972;Ragan 1977;Shukla et al 1990;Singh et al 1991;Suzuki and Yoshida 1979) and human studies (Cheng et al 1998;Hammad et al 1996;Mahaffey and Annest 1986;Markowitz et al 1990;Szold 1974;Watson et al 1980Watson et al , 1986Wright et al 1999;Yip et al 1981;Yip and Dallman 1984) that have shown negative associations between iron intake or iron status and blood lead levels. Despite this negative relationship between maternal dietary iron and infant lead levels, we found no significant association between mother's iron stores (serum ferritin) and newborn's blood lead levels in bivariate or multivariate analysis (data not shown), mirroring the results of Milman and colleagues (1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Maternal blood lead concentration, diet during pregnancy, and anthropometry predict neonatal blood lead in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population.

Schell

Denham

Stark

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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To determine the influences of maternal diet and nutrition during pregnancy on the blood lead level of neonates, we conducted a study of mother-infant pairs from lower socioeconomic circumstances living in Albany County, New York. Maternal blood lead (MBPb), anthropometry, and diet were assessed in each trimester. Neonates' blood lead (NBPb) levels were low (geometric mean = 1.58 micro g/dL), and none had elevated blood lead. More than 50% of the mothers had intakes below the recommended dietary allowances for zinc, calcium, iron, vitamin D, and kilocalories. As expected, MBPb was strongly and positively related to NBPb. Among the anthropometric measures of maternal nutritional status, variables measuring gain in weight and arm circumference were negatively related to NBPb. In multivariable models reflecting different analytic strageties and including MBPb, anthropometry, and sociodemographic characteristics, dietary intakes of iron and vitamin D were negatively related to NBPb. The effect of zinc varied substantially depending on model covariates. Effects of dietary constituents are difficult to distinguish, given the intercorrelated nature of nutrients in the diet. Nevertheless, the influences of maternal anthropometric variables, iron, and vitamin D on neonatal lead levels are clear in our analyses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Maternal blood lead concentration, diet during pregnancy, and anthropometry predict neonatal blood lead in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population.

Schell

Denham

Stark

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Results of both animal and human studies have confirmed that IDA increases intestinal lead absorption. [15][16][17] A reasonably wellestablished epidemiologic association has been made between IDA and increased lead concentrations. 18 Thus, primary prevention of IDA could also serve as primary prevention of lead poisoning.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Id and Idamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Prevention of Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Infants and Young Children (0–3 Years of Age)

Baker¹,

Greer²

2010

Pediatrics

906

834

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This clinical report covers diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants (both breastfed and formula fed) and toddlers from birth through 3 years of age. Results of recent basic research support the concerns that iron-deficiency anemia and iron deficiency without anemia during infancy and childhood can have longlasting detrimental effects on neurodevelopment. Therefore, pediatricians and other health care providers should strive to eliminate iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. Appropriate iron intakes for infants and toddlers as well as methods for screening for iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia are presented. Pediatrics 2010;126: 1040-1050 INTRODUCTIONIron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) continue to be of worldwide concern. Among children in the developing world, iron is the most common single-nutrient deficiency. 1 In industrialized nations, despite a demonstrable decline in prevalence, 2 IDA remains a common cause of anemia in young children. However, even more important than anemia itself is the indication that the more common ID without anemia may also adversely affect long-term neurodevelopment and behavior and that some of these effects may be irreversible. 3,4 Because of the implications for pediatric health care providers and their patients, this report reviews and summarizes this information.This clinical report is a revision and extension of a previous policy statement published in 1999, 5 which addressed iron fortification of formulas. This report covers diagnosis and prevention of ID and IDA in infants (both breastfed and formula fed) and toddlers aged 1 through 3 years.

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“…high iron absorption due to low iron status is accompanied by high lead absorption (14). Iron absorption is impaired by a concomitant intake of calcium (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead content in autopsy liver tissue in samples from Greenlandic Inuit and Danes

Milman

Laursen²,

Byg

et al. 2004

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Objectives. To measure the quantity of lead (Pb) in liver tissue samples from Greenlandic Inuit, and compare the results with those obtained in Caucasian Danes. Study design. Observational, descriptive survey on environmental pathology. Methods. The setting was related to forensic medicine and hospitalised care in Nuuk, Ilulissat and Copenhagen. Participants were 50 Greenlandic Inuit (27 men) with a median age of 61 years (range 23-83) and 74 Danes (44 men) with a median age of 60 years (range 15-87). Liver tissue samples (normal by macroscopic and microscopic examination) were obtained at autopsy. Total liver lead content was measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with a detection limit of 0.05 µmol/kg dry weight. Results. In the entire series, Inuit had higher liver lead contents than Danes (p < 0.0001). Inuit men had higher liver lead content than Inuit women (p = 0.02). In Danes, men tended to have higher liver lead contents than women, but the difference was insignificant. The median (5-95 percentile) lead content was 14.96 µmol/kg dry liver (4.83-74.80) in Inuit, and < 0.05 µmol/kg dry liver (< 0.05-29.44) in Danes. All Inuit had liver lead contents above the detection limit, whereas 60 Danes (81%) had liver lead content below the detection limit. There was a positive correlation between liver lead content and age in both Inuit (r s = 0.46, p = 0.002) and Danes (n = 14; r s = 0.71, p = 0.01). Inuit had higher hepatic lead indices (liver lead content divided by age) than Danes (p < 0.0001). In Inuit, median hepatic lead index was 0.258, being higher in men than in women (p = 0.02). In Danes, the median hepatic lead index was 0.001, again higher in men than in women (p = 0.03). Conclusions. Our results show a gender-related difference in hepatic lead content, i.e. Inuit men have higher liver lead contents than women. Furthermore, Inuit men and women have higher 315

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Food iron and lead absorption in humans

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Maternal blood lead concentration, diet during pregnancy, and anthropometry predict neonatal blood lead in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population.

Maternal blood lead concentration, diet during pregnancy, and anthropometry predict neonatal blood lead in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population.

Diagnosis and Prevention of Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Infants and Young Children (0–3 Years of Age)

Lead content in autopsy liver tissue in samples from Greenlandic Inuit and Danes

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