Food Marketing Expenditures Aimed at Youth

Powell, Lisa M.; Harris, Jennifer L.; Fox, Tracy

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.06.003

Cited by 136 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the US, the Federal Trade Commission reported that total youth-targeted (age 2-7) food marketing expenditures on new media, including corporate websites, advertising on third-party children's websites, marketing via mobile devices, and social media, increased by $45.9 million from 2006 to 2009, totalling $122.5 million (Powell, Harris, & Fox, 2013). While a broader body of work has assessed the impact of this increase in web-based food and beverage marketing on children, only a small number of public health studies have assessed the content and types of marketing aimed at young people through social media platforms.…”

Section: Energy Dense and Nutrient Poor Food And Beveragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marketing to Youth in the Digital Age: The Promotion of Unhealthy Products and Health Promoting Behaviours on Social Media

Dunlop

Freeman

Jones

2016

MaC

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The near-ubiquitous use of social media among adolescents and young adults creates opportunities for both corporate brands and health promotion agencies to target and engage with young audiences in unprecedented ways. Traditional media is known to have both a positive and negative influence on youth health behaviours, but the impact of social media is less well understood. This paper first summarises current evidence around adolescents' exposure to the promotion and marketing of unhealthy products such as energy dense and nutrient poor food and beverages, alcohol, and tobacco on social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. We explore emerging evidence about the extent of exposure to marketing of these harmful products through social media platforms and potential impacts of exposure on adolescent health. Secondly, we present examples of health-promoting social media campaigns aimed at youth, with the purpose of describing innovative campaigns and highlighting lessons learned for creating effective social media interventions. Finally, we suggest implications for policy and practice, and identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research.

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Section: Energy Dense and Nutrient Poor Food And Beveragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marketing to Youth in the Digital Age: The Promotion of Unhealthy Products and Health Promoting Behaviours on Social Media

Dunlop

Freeman

Jones

2016

MaC

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“…The ubiquitous promotion of unhealthy food establishes societal norms around acceptable and desirable foods [12,13] and adverts serve as conditioned stimuli that trigger food cravings and cue an increase in food consumption [14], particularly in children [15]. The disparity between food advertising expenditure for different food groups is extreme [13]: government campaigns promoting fruit and vegetables are dwarfed by the billions of dollars spent on fast food and 'junk' food marketing each year [16,17]. The majority of these advertised foods and drinks are high in added fat, sugar and salt, are contrary to dietary recommendations and, if eaten in excess, can contribute to overweight and the risk of developing CVD [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

et al. 2016

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The prevention of overweight in childhood is paramount to long term heart-health. Food marketing predominately promotes unhealthy products which if over-consumed will lead to overweight. International health expert calls for further restriction of children's exposure to food marketing remain relatively unheeded, with a lack of evidence showing a causal link between food marketing and children's dietary behaviours and obesity an oft cited reason for this policy inertia. This direct link is difficult to measure and quantify with a multiplicity of determinants contributing to dietary intake and the development of overweight. The Bradford Hill Criteria provide a credible framework by which epidemiological studies may be examined to consider whether a causal interpretation of an observed association is valid. This paper draws upon current evidence that examines the relationship between food marketing, across a range of different media, and children's food behaviours, and appraises these studies against Bradford Hill's causality framework. IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is largely preventable, yet, globally, it contributes to the greatest burden of premature mortality [1]. Modifiable, diet-related CVD risk factors include overweight and obesity and high consumption of saturated and trans fatty acids, refined carbohydrates and sodium [2,3]. Establishing healthy dietary behaviours and maintaining a healthy weight in childhood is paramount for maximising heart-health [4], however within our current food environment, this has never been more challenging.

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“…The use of certain negative emotional messages and graphic images in public health campaigns remains controversial (25) , but has been shown to improve message salience and to increase message effectiveness in some contexts (26,27) . Both sufficient exposure and persuasive messaging are crucial, especially given the relative resources and expertise of the food industry in marketing unhealthy products such as those high in saturated fat, sugar and sodium, and with television serving as the dominant platform for such advertising (28)(29)(30)(31) . It is crucial for the public health community to find successful ways to provide counterinformation that might inspire viewers to adopt healthier lifestyles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Televised obesity-prevention advertising across US media markets: exposure and content, 2010–2011

Kornfield

Szczypka

Powell

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine levels of exposure and content characteristics for recent televised obesity-prevention campaigns sponsored by state and community health departments, federal agencies, non-profit organizations and television stations in the USA. Design: Nielsen television ratings for obesity-prevention advertising were collected for the top seventy-five US media markets and were used to calculate household exposure levels for 2010 and 2011. Governmental advertisements were coded for content. Setting: United States. Results: Average household exposure to obesity-prevention campaigns was 2·6 advertisements per month. Exposure increased by 31 % between 2010 and 2011, largely driven by increases in federal advertisements. In 2011, the federal government accounted for 62 % of obesity-prevention exposure, non-profit organizations for 9 %, community departments for 8 %, state departments for 3 %, and television stationsponsored public-service announcements for 17 %. The greatest percentage increase between 2010 and 2011 was in community advertising, reflecting efforts funded by the Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW) programme. Among thirty-four state and community campaigns, the majority advocated both healthy eating and physical activity (53 %). Campaigns typically had positive or neutral emotional valence (94 %). Obesity or overweight was mentioned in 47 % of campaigns, but only 9 % specifically advocated weight loss. Conclusions: Exposure to televised obesity-prevention advertising increased from 2010 to 2011 and was higher than previously found in 1999-2003, apart from in 2003 during the federal VERB campaign. Nevertheless, exposure remains low relative to advertising for unhealthy foods. New federal campaigns have increased exposure to obesity-prevention advertising nationally, while CPPW grants have increased exposure for targeted areas.

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Food Marketing Expenditures Aimed at Youth

Cited by 136 publications

References 30 publications

Marketing to Youth in the Digital Age: The Promotion of Unhealthy Products and Health Promoting Behaviours on Social Media

Marketing to Youth in the Digital Age: The Promotion of Unhealthy Products and Health Promoting Behaviours on Social Media

The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

Televised obesity-prevention advertising across US media markets: exposure and content, 2010–2011

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