Food or money? Children's brains respond differently to rewards regardless of weight status

Adise, Shana; Geier, Charles F.; Roberts, Nicole; White, Corey N.; Keller, Kathleen L.

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12469

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…There is also evidence suggesting an 'inverted-U' relationship between reward sensitivity and BMI in adults [49]. Our findings also support a recent study conclusion that children's brain responses to food and monetary rewards were independent of their weight status [50]. Whether this places normal weight children that are higher in food reward at a greater risk of weight gain and obesity in later childhood remains to be further investigated.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Obtaining information from the grandparents could provide a more accurate understanding of the child's appetitive trait and the feeding practices applied in a Singaporean household. In view of the subjectivity of parentreported data, further validation against other objective measures of food reward such as the food reinforcement task [16], Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire [10] or fMRI scans of brain responses towards various reward types [50] could help establish more robust conclusions.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a child food reward task and its association with maternal feeding practices

et al. 2021

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Food reward is defined as the momentary value of a food to the individual at the time of ingestion and is characterised by two psychological processes–“liking” and “wanting”. We aimed to validate an age-appropriate food reward task to quantify implicit wanting of children from the GUSTO cohort (n = 430). At age 5 years, child appetitive traits and maternal feeding practices were reported by mothers via questionnaires. At age 6, a write-for-food task based on the child’s preference for food or toy rewards was undertaken in laboratory conditions. Child BMI and skinfold measurements were taken at age 7. Convergent validity of the food reward task was assessed by associating with child appetitive traits, where enjoyment of food/food responsiveness (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.15) and emotional overeating (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.48) were positively associated with high food reward in children. Criterion validity was tested by associating with child BMI, however no significant relationships were observed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with maternal feeding practices revealed that children whose mother tend to restrict unhealthy food (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.82) and girls whose mothers taught them about nutrition (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.67) were more likely to have high food reward. No further significant associations were observed between food reward, other appetitive traits and feeding practices. Despite the lack of association with child weight status, this study demonstrated the value of the write-for-food task to assess food reward in children and presented sex-specific associations with maternal feeding practices.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a child food reward task and its association with maternal feeding practices

et al. 2021

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“…There have also been inconsistent fMRI findings. Differences in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response by weight status have been observed in prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices ( Batterink et al, 2010 ; Bruce et al, 2010 ), inferior frontal gyrus ( Bruce et al, 2013 ; Van et al, 2016 ), insula ( Bohon, 2017 ; Boutelle et al, 2015 ), amygdala ( Boutelle et al, 2015 ), or not at all ( Adise et al, 2018 ; Adise et al, 2019 ). Additionally, the directionality of effects has varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal brain predictors of current weight and weight gain in children enrolled in the ABCD study ®

Adise

Allgaier

Laurent

et al. 2021

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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Highlights BMI was associated with widespread structural differences in cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical gray matter volumes and in white matter estimates of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. BMI was also associated with altered resting-state functional connectivity and working memory during an EN-back task but, contrary to some extant findings, was not related to reward or inhibitory control (as assessed by the Monetary Incentive Delay task and Stop Signal Task). Excessive weight gain (i.e., more than 20 pounds in a year) was associated at baseline with thicker cortices, and differences in surface area and white matter in regions associated with attention and appetite control (e.g., insula, parahippocampal gyrus), but no functional associations were observed. All analyses quantified generalizability to an unseen test set. These findings suggest that brain structure, resting state and working memory are associated with current weight and that brain structure may have potential as an MRI biomarker to identify children at risk for pathological weight gain.

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“…This training protocol has resulted in high success rates (i.e., > 90% usable functional scans) in prior studies with this age-group (Adise et al, 2018;English et al, 2018).…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 98%

Heterogeneity in PFC-amygdala connectivity in middle childhood, and concurrent interrelations with inhibitory control and anxiety symptomology.

Gunther¹,

Petrie²,

Pearce³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key brain area in considering adaptive regulatory behaviors. This includes regulatory projections to regions of the limbic system such as the amygdala, where the nature of functional connections may confer lower risk for anxiety disorders. The PFC is also associated with behaviors like executive functioning. Inhibitory control is a behavior encompassed by executive functioning, and is generally viewed favorably for adaptive socioemotional development. Yet, some research suggests that high levels of inhibitory control may actually be a risk factor for some maladaptive developmental outcomes, like anxiety disorders. In a sample of 51 children ranging from 7-9 years old, we examined resting state functional connectivity between regions of the PFC and the amygdala. We used Subgrouping Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation (S-GIMME) to identify and characterize data-driven subgroups of individuals with similar networks of connectivity between these brain regions. Generated subgroups were collapsed into children characterized by the presence or absence of recovered connections between the PFC and amygdala. We then tested whether inhibitory control, as measured by a stop signal task, moderated the relation between these subgroups and child-reported anxiety symptoms. We found an inverse relation between stop-signal reaction times and reported count of anxiety symptoms when controlling for connectivity group, suggesting that greater inhibitory control was actually related to greater anxiety symptoms, but only when accounting for patterns of PFC-amygdala connectivity. These data suggest that there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the nature of functional connections between the PFC and amygdala during this stage of development. The findings also provide support for the notion of high levels of inhibitory control as a risk factor for anxiety, but trait-level biopsychosocial factors may be important to consider in assessing the nature of risk.

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Food or money? Children's brains respond differently to rewards regardless of weight status

Cited by 16 publications

References 82 publications

Evaluation of a child food reward task and its association with maternal feeding practices

Evaluation of a child food reward task and its association with maternal feeding practices

Multimodal brain predictors of current weight and weight gain in children enrolled in the ABCD study ®

Heterogeneity in PFC-amygdala connectivity in middle childhood, and concurrent interrelations with inhibitory control and anxiety symptomology.

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